What are

Resources

Purdue University. “The Story on GMOs.” What Are GMOs?,

ag.purdue.edu/GMOs/Pages/WhatareGMOs.aspx.

GMOs?
Bawa, A.S., Anilakumar, K.R. (2012). Genetically modified foods:
safety, risks and public concerns. PubMed Central.

“GMOs in animal agriculture: time to consider both costs and

benefits in regulatory evaluations” Journal of Animal Science

GMO/
and Biotechnology vol. 4,1 37. 25 Sep. 2013, doi:10.1186/2049-1891-
GMO= Genetically Modified 4-37

Organism Dizon, Francis, et al. “Genetically Modified (GM) Foods and Ethical
Eating.” Journal of Food Science, vol. 81, no. 2, 2015,
doi:10.1111/1750-3841.13191.

Non-GMO
GMOs are living beings Goodwin, B.K., Marra, M.C., & Piggott, N.E. (2016). The cost of a
GMO-free market basket of food in the United States. AgBioForum,

that have had their The Journal of Agrobiotechnology Management & Economy 19(1),
25-33.

genetic code altered in a Office of the Commissioner. “Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
(FD&C Act).” U S Food and Drug Administration Home Page,

specific way. They can be Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, www.fda.gov.

used for a variety of

“Regulations.” USDA APHIS | Research Facility Annual Summary
Report,
www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/biotechnology/SA_Regulati

purposes, such as, ons.

“Regulatory Information by Topic: Pesticides.” EPA,

developing unique crops Environmental Protection Agency, 21 Aug. 2018,
www.epa.gov/regulatory-information-topic/regulatory-

or creating medicines
information-topic-pesticides.

and vaccines. University of Utah. “Genetically Modified Foods.” Nutrition & the
Epigenome, learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/science/gmfoods/.

Dorf, Robb. “6 Benefits of Natural Foods Including Non-GMO Chelsea Dizon and Katie Scurato
Nutrition Bars.” PureFit Nutrition, PureFit Nutrition, 31 May 2018,
purefit.com/blogs/purefit-nutrition-bars-news/non-gmo-
nutrition-bar-benefits.
Examples of Risks & Benefits Regulations
GMOs of GMOs
Risks of GMOs:
● Viral resistance

● Corn ●
○ New viruses/ diseases
Allergens

● Soybeans Benefits:
● Potatoes Non-GMOs:
● No antibiotics or growth
● Rice ●
hormones
No chemicals or synthetic
● Peas ●
components
Fresh and natural products
● Tomatoes GMOs:
● Increased crop yields with less
effort and expense
● Reduced pesticide use
● Increase weather-tolerant
crops.