The Converse, Inverse and Contrapositive

of an If-Then Statement
Learning Target:

 To write the converse, inverse and

contrapositive of an If-Then
Statement
Review:
 What is the If-Then form of this
statement:

A hexagon is a polygon with

six sides.
If-Then Form (p →q)

If a polygon is a hexagon, then

it has six sides.
Converse (q → p)
 The converse of a conditional statement is formed
by switching the hypothesis and the conclusion of
an if-then statement.

 Thus, the converse of the statement (p →q), read as

“p implies q,” is the statement denoted as (q →p),
read as “q implies p”.

If a polygon has six sides, then it is a

hexagon.
 Inverse (~p → ~q)
 The inverse of a conditional statement is formed by
replacing the hypothesis and the conclusion with
their negations.
 The inverse of the conditional statement p →q, is
the statement denoted as ~p → ~q read as “not p
implies not q.”

If a polygon is not a hexagon, then it has no

six sides.
 Contrapositive (~q → ~p)
 The contrapositive of a conditional statement is
formed when you negate the CONVERSE statement.
 The contrapositive of the conditional statement p
→q, is the statement denoted as (~q → ~p), read as
“ not q implies not p”.

If a polygon has no six sides, then it is not a

hexagon.
A hexagon is a polygon
with six sides.
If a polygon is a hexagon,
then it has six sides.
(if – then)
If a polygon has six sides, then
it is a hexagon. (Converse)
If a polygon is not a hexagon,
then it has no six sides.(Inverse)
If a polygon has no six sides,
then it is not a hexagon.
(Contrapositive)
Statement If two angles are congruent, then they
Try This! have the same measure.
Statement
If -Then(p → q) If two angles are congruent, then they have
the same measure.
Converse (q → p) If two angles have the same measure, then
they are congruent.
Inverse If two angles are not congruent, then
(~p → ~q) they have no the same measure.
Contrapositive If two angles have no the same
(~q → ~p) measure, then they are not congruent.
Try This!
Statement A rectangle has four right angles.

If -Then(p → q) If a quadrilateral is a rectangle, then

it has four right angles.
Converse (q → p) If a quadrilateral has four right
angles, the it is a rectangle.
Inverse If a quadrilateral is not a rectangle,
(~p → ~q) then it has no four right angles.
Contrapositive If a quadrilateral has no four right
(~q → ~p) angles, the it is not a rectangle.
 Try This!
Statement Three non-collinear points determine
a plane.
If -Then(p → q) If three points are non-collinear, then
they determine a plane.
Converse (q → p) If three points determine a plane, then
they are non-collinear.
Inverse If three points are collinear, then they
(~p → ~q) do not determine a plane.
Contrapositive If three points do not determine a
(~q → ~p) plane, then they are non-collinear.
Statement Perpendicular lines are
Try This! intersecting lines.
If -Then(p → q) If the lines are perpendicular, then they
are intersecting lines.
Converse (q → p) If the lines are intersecting, then they
are perpendicular.
Inverse If the lines are not perpendicular, then
(~p → ~q) they are not intersecting lines.
Contrapositive If the lines are not intersecting, then
(~q → ~p) they are not perpendicular.
Statement A triangle is a polygon with
Try This! three sides.
If -Then(p → q) If a polygon is a triangle, then it has
three sides.
Converse (q → p) If a polygon has three sides, then it is a
triangle.
Inverse If a polygon is not a triangle, then it
(~p → ~q) has no three sides.
Contrapositive If a polygon has no three sides, then it
(~q → ~p) is not a triangle.
Statement If a number is even, then it is divisible
Try This! by two.
If -Then(p → q) If a number is even, then it is divisible
by two.
Converse (q → p) If a number is divisible by two, then it
is even.
Inverse If a number is odd, then it is not
(~p → ~q) divisible by two.
Contrapositive If a number is not divisible by two,
(~q → ~p) then it is odd.
Exercises: Write the equivalent converse,
inverse and contrapositive of the following
statements.

 1. Perpendicular lines are intersecting lines.

 2. A triangle is a polygon with three sides.
 3. If a number is even, then it is divisible by two.
INDUCTIVE REASONING
Learning Target
 Define inductive reasoning and state the
rule used in the given statements.
Inductive Reasoning - Definition
 Inductive reasoning starts with a specific scenario and
makes conclusions about a general population.
Exercises
 1. Describe a pattern in the sequence of
numbers. Predict the next number.
 a. 1, 4, 16, 64, . . .
 Describe a pattern in the
sequence of numbers. Predict the
next number.
 2, 6, 18, 54, . . .
 My math teacher is strict.
 My previous math teacher was
strict.
What can you say about all math
teachers?
 1 × 10 = 10
 2 × 10 = 20
 3 × 10 = 30
 5 × 10 = 50
 24 × 10 = 240
 2345 × 10 = ______.
 unlike inductive reasoning, is a valid form of proof. It is,
in fact, the way in which geometric proofs are written.
 Deductive reasoning is the process by which a person
makes conclusions based on previously known facts.
 Deductive reasoning is a type of reasoning which goes
from general to specific.
Example:

 Filipinos are hospitable. Bonifacio is a Filipino.

Base on deductive reasoning, we can conclude that:
Therefore, Bonifacio is hospitable.
 Example:
 If the points are collinear, then they lie on the same
plane. Points R,M,andN are collinear .

 Therefore, points R, M and N lie on the same plane.

________________________________.
 Example:
 A quadrilateral is a polygon of four sides.
 Rectangle has 4 sides.

 Therefore, a rectangle is a quadrilateral.

 Example:
 Smoking can cause cancer.
 Tomas is smoking.

 Therefore,Tomas may have a cancer.

 Example:
 An angle is acute if its measure is between 0 degree and 90
degrees.
 Angle B is acute.

 Therefore, angle B has a measure between 0 degree and 90 degrees.

________________________________.
Exercises: Refer to Activity No 23
Properties of Equality and Congruence
Properties of Equality and Congruence
Basic Terms in Geometry
 Point – an exact location in space. A point has no
dimension.
 Line – a collection of points along a straight path that
extends endlessly in both directions.
 Line Segment – a part of a line having two endpoints.
 Ray – a part of a line having only one endpoint.
 Angle – consists of two rays that have a common endpoint
called the vertex of the angle.
 Plane – a flat surface that extends endlessly in all directions.
 Straight Angle – an angle whose measure is 180°.
 Right Angle – an angle whose measure is 90°.
Definitions in Geometry
 Postulates
 Refer to pdf