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TBLT

Task Based Language Teaching


TASK ?
Tasks are activities which have meaning as their
primary focus. Success in tasks is evaluated in
terms of achievement of an outcome, and tasks
generally bear some resemblance to real-life
language use.
(Skehan 1996b:20)
Background
• Task –Based Language Teaching (TBLT) refers
to an approach based on the use of task as the
core of planning and instruction in language
teaching.
Present it as a logical development of
communicative language teaching since it draws
on several principles that formed part of the
communicative language teaching movement
from 1980’s.

(Willis 1996)
The communicative task is a piece of classroom
work which involves learners in comprehending,
manipulating, producing or interacting in the
target language while their attention is
principally focused on meaning rather than
form.
(Nunan 1989:10)
The Key Assumptions of task-based infstuction
are summarized by Feez. (1998:17) as :

- The focus is on process rather than product


- Basic elements are purposeful activities and
tasks that emphasize communication and
meaning
- Learners learn language by interacting
communicatively and purposefully while
engaged in the activities and tasks
- Activities and tasks cab be either :
Approach
• Theory of language:
1. Language is primarily a means of making
meaning
2. Multiple models of language information TBI
3. Lexical units are central in language use and
language learning.
4. “Conversation” is the central focus of
language and the keystone of language
acquisition
• Theory of learning
• 1. Tasks provide both the input and output
processing necessary for language acquisition.
• 2. Task activity and achievement are
motivational.
• 3. Learning difficulty can be negotiated and
fine-tuned for particular pedagogical purpose.
Design
• Objectives:
• Goals in TBLT are ideally to be detemined by
the specific needs of particular learners

• Selection tasks according to Long and


Crookers(1993), should be based on a careful
analysis of the real world needs of learners
Syllabus
Conventional Language Syllabus Task based
It specifies the content of a It specifies the tasks that
course among some categories should be carried out by
learners within a program
- Language structures
- Functions
- Topics and themes - Real world tasks
- Macro skills (reading, writing, - Pedagogical tasks
listening, speaking)
- Competencies
- Text types
- Vocabulary targets
Task Type
1. Diagram and formations 1. Naming parts of a diagram
with numbers and letters
of the alphabet as
instructed.
2. Drawing
2. Drawing geometrical
figures/formations from
sets of verbal instructions.
3. Clock faces 3. Positioning hand on a clock
to show a given time
Task Types
Diagram and formations Naming parts of a diagram with numbers
and letters of the alphabet as instructed.

Drawing Drawing geometrical figures/formations


from sets of verbal instructions.

Clock faces Positioning hand on a clock to show a


given time

Monthly Calendar Calculating duration in days and weeks in


the context of travel, leave and so on

Maps Constructing a floor plan of a house from


a description
Task Type
School timetables Constructing timetables for teachers of
particular subjects

Programs and itineraries Constructing itineraries from descriptions


of travel

Train Timetables Selecting trains appropriate to given


needs

Age and year of birth Working out year of birth from age

Money Deciding on quantities to be bought given


the money available

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