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FRACTURES
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
ABOUT FRACTURES
Assess neurovascular
Assess 1 joint above
Mechanism of injury related to type of fracture
Reassess patient after adequate pain management (distracting
injury)
If there’s no fracture, assess tendons, bursae
A 26 yo female sent a complain email after 8 weeks post ORIF of her
right Clavicle. She had follow up with her Orthopaedic in UK who
said that she might need repeat surgery. She was claiming that the
surgery done in our hospital was a failure that resulted non-healing
bone.
FRACTURE HEALING
Generally 8-12 weeks
Affected by :
Mechanical factor : weight bearing, early mobilization
Biological factor : smoking, alcohol, osteoporosis, Vitamin D, Calcium, Diabetes,
Steroid use, CKD
Patient education :
No overhead activity first 6 weeks
No heavy manual work for 3 months
Management :
Identification of associated injuries
Sling 4-6 weeks
If involve glenoid fossa with significant displacement -> Internal fixation
A 42 yo male surfer presents to ER
with Left Shoulder pain after he was
hit by a strong wave.
Xray is shown.
Complication :
Axillary nerve palsy
Brachial plexus palsy
Rotator cuff tears
Treatment :
Closed reduction
Open reduction – more for posterior dislocation
3-4 weeks immobilization
Risk :
< 20 yo – 80% of recurrent dislocation
> 40 yo – rotator cuff tears and nerve injury more frequent
Warning :
If after 4-6 weeks no active abduction -> MRI to diagnose rotator tear
ANTERIOR SHOULDER
DISLOCATION
ASSOCIATED COMMON
FRACTURES AND DEFOMITIES
WITH ANTERIOR SHOULDER
DISLOCATION
OPTIONS FOR SHOULDER
REDUCTION
Matson’s Traction Counteraction Stimson’s Methode Hippocratic Methode
CUNNINGHAM TECHNIQUE
Massage on the shoulder and arm while pulling down the arm
A 29 yo female, after an episode of
convulsion, she complains of pain on her right
shoulder.
Treatment :
I and II - > non-operative, sling
III -> best surgically, coraco-clavicular screw
ACROMIOCLAVICULAR JOINT
INJURY Inferior cortex
of acromion
process and
Inferior cortex
of clavicle
should be in
one line
CORACOCLAVICULAR
LIGAMENT INJURY
Complication :
Mal-union
Shoulder stiffness
Troublesome if osteoporotic
HUMERAL SHAFT
FRACTURES
Direct or indirect trauma to upper arm
High energy, elderly patient or drunk patient who fell
12% Radial nerve palsy
Treatment :
Non-operative : U-slab, after 2-4 weeks replaced with functional brace
ORIF (plating or intramedullary nailing
DISTAL HUMERAL
FRACTURES
Not common, but difficult to treat in adults
After a fall directly on to the elbow
Treatment :
Non-operative : above-elbow cast
ORIF – most common treatment
Complication :
Stiffness – most common
Ulnar nerve palsy
Heterotopic offication
Post-traumatic arthritis
Infection
A 19 yo male fell down while playing
basketball, hitting his left elbow.
Xray :
If no obvious fracture, check fat pad signs
Treatment :
Surgery
Xray as shown.
Xray as shown.
Treatment :
Closed reduction with sedation
10-14 days of immobilization in back-slab plaster
Treatment :
Cast 3-5 weeks
Radiograph 1 and 2 weeks after reduction
A 42 yo male fell on his left arm during motorbike accident
His xray as shown
Treatment : Surgery
ROLANDO FRACTURE