Department of Education

Region III
Division of City Schools
ANGELES CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Arayat Boulevard, Barangay Pampang, Angeles City Pampanga 2009
Telephone No.: (045) 322-5494

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1 (QUALITATIVE)

Lesson 1: Formulating Conclusions and

Recommendations
By:
Adrian P. Tamayo
Practical Research 1 Teacher
SST-III
LEARNING COMPETENCIES:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
• Explain the guidelines for making conclusions and recommendations

• Infer conclusions from patterns and themes in the data

• Formulate recommendations based on conclusions

• Write conclusions and recommendations

Lesson Outline

• Tips in formulating conclusions

• Recommendations
ACTIVITY: KWL CHART
Instruction: Write a phrase or word on the META-CARD on what you want
you know, what you want to know, what you have learned (based on
readings) about formulating conclusions and recommendations.
What I know on formulating What I want too know on What I learned on formulating
conclusions and formulating conclusions and conclusions and recommendations.
recommendations. recommendations.

1. __________________ 1. __________________ 1. __________________

2. __________________ 2. __________________ 2. __________________

3. __________________ 3. __________________ 3. __________________

ABSTRACTION
Research Conclusion
• may be a briefly described as the last or ending part of the paper.
• It wraps up different parts of the paper.
• It must be written well in order to ensure coherence with the
information in the report
• It must answer the questions in the research problem and must contain
the findings & result of the study.
 Guidelines on Writing Conclusions
(Matthew Lye, www.wlu.ca/writing)
1. Implicitly restate your thesis/position
• Restate your argument in a more general form.

“ I WILL ARGUE THAT…”, while your conclusion should emphasize

“I HAVE ARGUED THAT…”

Thesis is meant to establish the direction of your essay while

CONCLUSION should make it clear to the reader that you kept on
track and supported your argument
 Guidelines on Writing Conclusions
(Matthew Lye, www.wlu.ca/writing)
2. Emphasize the importance of your subject by placing it in a
larger context.

• It doesn’t mean “in the history of the world, my topic is the most
important”.
• It means answering the “so what?” question that all academic writing
readers ask.
• What meaning does it have in your field of study, society as a whole.
• State the significance of your argument by relating it to these larger
areas of inquiry.
• Show how your argument might advance knowledge, take a position
or provide solution in a problem.
 Guidelines on Writing Conclusions
(Matthew Lye, www.wlu.ca/writing)
3. Offer suggestions for the future based on what you have argued.

• Projecting what you have argued into the future allows reader to see
the meaningfulness of your argument.
• If your point was made effectively, the reader is likely to take
predictions seriously; thus see additional relevance in what you argued
up to this point.
• Looking to the future can also make your reader consider your
argument after they have finished with your paper.
 Guidelines on Writing Conclusions
(Matthew Lye, www.wlu.ca/writing)
4. End on a relevant and power quote or anecdote that serves to
“sum up” your paper.

• A succinct quote or illustrative example of your argument is effective

in ending your conclusion (thus your paper)
• Academic readers like essays ended in a concise and meaningful way.
• Quotes anecdotes or examples can allow you to end your essay that
both gets your main point across and is stylistically effective
 Guidelines on Writing Conclusions
(Matthew Lye, www.wlu.ca/writing)
5. Do not bring in new material
• Conclusion is your space to wrap up your paper not throw in any
additional points that you were not able to work into your body
paragraphs.
• It is to generalize or place your argument in a broader academic
context,
• If you find yourself mentioning additional ideas in the conclusion, do
your reader, yourself a favor- add in another body paragraph and
expand n the new idea in an effective way.
 Guidelines on Writing Conclusions
(Matthew Lye, www.wlu.ca/writing)
6. Do not weaken your position by apologizing for what you have
already argued.

• Reader’s expectations: Conventions of academic writing, created

thesis supported by evidence
• Ending your essay by apologizing for your stance detracts from the
argument your should actually be emphasizing
 Guidelines on Writing Conclusions
(Matthew Lye, www.wlu.ca/writing)
7. Do not end on a “Cliff Hanger”, leaving the reading feeling
unsatisfied
• A research paper is meant to provide evidence to support your thesis,
• So your goal should be to conclude it in such a way that the reader
feels all questions have been addressed.
• A paper hints at further information, or that promises to resolve an
issue but never does, will not help you make your argument.
• The goal is to create a self-contained argument within the essay, not
leave the reader waiting for a sequel.
 Recommendation
• It must be the consistent part of the conclusion.

• It is where your make suggestions about some resolutions as a

response to the research problem.

• It proposes: specific solutions supported by relevant and specific data

from findings.
 Tips on How to Write a Recommendation
(Teijlingen, 2011)
• 1. You should not recommend anything that you have not previously
discussed in the “discussion”. (No new material in your conclusion is also
applicable to your recommendations)
• 2. Recommendations conclusions. Consider it, go one step further than
conclusions as (a) something; (b) someone; (c) needs to do.
• 3. There may be levels within your set of recommendations:
a. Academic (i.e., more research is needed into…)
b. Policy-makers (e.g., data protection act needs to accommodate…)
c. Practitioners (i.e., managers in local government need to consider
mental well-being of their staff)
d. Training/education
Enumerate the tips on writing/formulating
conclusion and recommendations.
Tips on how to write a conclusion. 1-7
Tips on how to write a recommendation.
1.
2.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Reference:

Melegrito, Mendoza & Mactal (2016), Applied Research: An

Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods and Report Writing,
Quezon City, The Philippines: Phoenix (page 119 – 123)