Safety Integrity Level

Brief Introduction
• Scope:
Safety Instrumented System
• Objectives:
1- Protection of life (human)
2- Protection of plant equipment
3- Avoidance of environmental pollution
4- Maximizing plant production i.e
avoiding unnecessary shutdowns
Standard:
 IEC 61508 part 1 – 7 (May 2010) :
functional safety of electrical /
electronic / programmable electronic
safety-related systems.
 IEC 61511 part 1 – 3 (2003) : functional
safety for the process industry
(ISA 84.00.01 is identical)
 Things can go wrong, so we need additional
functionality
Safety Functions to reduce the risks
Safety functions can have varied
implementation measures
• active functionality
• design properties
• administrative measures
• any combination of the above
Concept of layers of protection acc. IEC 61511
COMMUNITY EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Emergency broadcasting

PLANT EMERGENCY RESPONSE

Evacuation procedures

MITIGATION
Mechanical mitigation systems
Safety instrumented control systems
Operator supervision
PREVENTION
Mechanical protection system
Process alarms with operator corrective action
Safety instrumented control systems
Safety instrumented prevention systems
CONTROL and MONITORING
Basic process control systems
Monitoring systems (process alarms)
Operator supervision

PROCESS
• Safety Integrity (IEC61511)=
Average probability of a SIS satisfactorily performing
the required Safety Instrumented Functions under all
the stated conditions within a stated period of time. It
is therefore a function of performance and availability.
• Safety Integrity Levels
Degree of Safety Integrity is determined by
• number of implementation measures
• how effective they are
• how vulnerable they are
• how independent they are
• Safety Integrity Levels depend on Risk
Acceptability
 Determine risks
 Determine acceptable risk levels
 Identify safety functions
 Based on risk acceptance level, determine safety integrity
level for each safety function
 Identify implementation measures for each safety function
 Based on the safety integrity level for each function,
determine tolerable failure rates for each implementation
measure
Expressing SIL
• Methods for SIL DeterminationDetermine risks
 As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)
 Safety Layer Matrix
 Risk Graphs
 Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA)
 Fault Tree Analysis
 Example for determining the Safety Integrity Level,
(ISA S84.01)
SIL 1 SIL 1 SIL 1

NA NA SI 1
Level of effect against dangerous event SIL 2 SIL 2 SIL 2
NA NA NA
SIL 1 SIL 1 SIL 2 High
High
SIL 3 SIL 3 SIL 3 NA NA SIL 1
Medium
Medium SIL 2 SIL 2 SIL 3 Efficiency of
other means
SIL 1 SIL 1 SIL 2 towards a risk
Low reduction
Low Low Medium High
Probability of
dangerous event
* NA = No SIS required
* Numbers in boxes are SIL levels for SIS
Safety Layer Matrix
SIL Classification
Example
 Example
Unmanned
 Example
Manned
THANK YOU