HYPERTENSION

AMIZOL, LAICA L.
F E R N A N D O, J E N N I F E R
ROBIS, RENZ AL
Z A P A N TA , M A R T I N
DEFINITION
• defined as a repeatedly elevated blood pressure
exceeding 140 over 90 mmHg -- a systolic
pressure above 140 or a diastolic pressure above
90
• Hypertension is another name for high blood
pressure. It can lead to severe complications and
increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and
death.
TYPES OF HYPERTENSION
Primary Hypertension
• chronic high blood pressure without a source or
associated with any other dse.
Secondary hypertension
• Elevation of blood pressure associated with
another disease such as kidney disease
CAUSES
• The cause of hypertension is often not known.
• Around 1 in every 20 cases of hypertension is the
effect of an underlying condition or medication.
• Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause
of high blood pressure because the kidneys do not
filter out fluid. This fluid excess leads to
hypertension.
RISK FACTORS
Precipitating Predisposing
• Age • Alcohol and tobacco use
• Sex • Existing health conditions
• Size and weight
• Family history
• physical inactivity
• a salt-rich diet associated with
processed and fatty foods
• low potassium in the diet
• certain diseases and medications
• stress
SYMPTOMS
• Most people with high blood pressure have no signs
or symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach
dangerously high levels.
• A few people with high blood pressure may have
headaches, shortness of breath or nosebleeds, but
these signs and symptoms aren't specific and usually
don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a
severe or life-threatening stage.
COMPLICATIONS
Hypertension-related atherosclerosis can lead to:
• heart failure and heart attacks
• an aneurysm, or an abnormal bulge in the wall of an artery that
can burst, causing severe bleeding and, in some cases, death
• kidney failure
• stroke
• amputation
• hypertensive retinopathies in the eye, which can lead to
blindness
TREATMENT
•Regular physical exercise
•Stress reduction
•Avoid smoking, alcohol, drugs
and unhealthy eating
MEDICATIONS
A range of drug types are available to help lower blood pressure,
including:
• diuretics, including thiazides, chlorthalidone, and indapamide
• beta-blockers and alpha-blockers
• calcium-channel blockers
• central agonists
• peripheral adrenergic inhibitor
• vasodilators
• angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
• angiotensin receptor blockers
DIET
•Reducing the amount of salt
•Moderating alcohol consumption
•Eating more fruit and vegetables
and less fat
THE DASH DIET
“Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension”
•lowers high blood pressure
•improves levels of fats in the bloodstream
•reduces the risk of developing
cardiovascular disease
NURSING MANAGEMENT
• Assess and monitor BP
• Fluid restriction (if clinically appropriate)
• Perform a comprehensive cardiac assessment: auscultate lung
sounds, note edema
• Promote rest, cluster care
• Decrease stress
• Administer BP lowering agents at appropriate time
• Assess BP and HR before and after BP lowering meds are
administered
• Control pain
• Educate about disease process, treatment regimen, dietary changes
THANK YOU