Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Contents
1. Definition of Engines
4. Classification of Engines
2- stroke engines
• All automobile engine provides the power to drive the vehicle’s wheels.
• The crankshaft, in turn, is connected to a transmission and/or power train to
transmit the rotating mechanical energy to the desired final use.
4
Defence University, College of Engineering
3. Major Engine components & Systems
3.1 Basic Engine Components
1. Cylinder block
2. Piston
3. Piston rings
4. Piston pin
5. Connecting rod
6. Crankshaft
7. Cylinder head
8. Intake and Exhaust valves
9. Camshaft
10. Timing gears
11. Spark plug
Defence University, College of Engineering 5
1. Cylinder Block: it is the main supporting
structure for various components and it
contains the cylinder. Fig. A
Fig. A
Fig. B
Defence University, College of Engineering 6
3. Piston Rings: fitted into the slots around the piston.
It provide a tight seal b/n the piston and the cylinder
wall thus preventing leakage of combustion gases.
• The two ends of the connected rod are called as small and big end.
7. Flywheel
• It is used to store energy or power and
release to the driveline during idle stroke.
• It absorbs vibration
• It contain a ring gear for starting the
engine.
Defence University, College of Engineering 9
8. Cylinder Head
• Forms the top of the combustion
chamber.
• Contains the valves, the passageways
for the fuel mixture to move in and
out of the engine.
• Is held tight to the cylinder block by
number of bolts or studs.
VT VC VS Vs
r 1
VC VC VC
ignition system
lubrication system
crankcase vent
Defence University, College of Engineering 16
4. Classification of I.C. Engines
• Engines can be classified according to the following Points
– Application: Automobile, marine, truck, locomotive, air craft etc.
– Basic Engine Design: Reciprocating and rotary engines
– Working Cycle: Four stroke cycle and Two stroke cycle
– Fuel: Gasoline fuel, diesel fuel, LPG, etc
– Mixture Preparation: carburetion and fuel injection into the
cylinder.
– Method of Ignition: Spark and compression ignition engine.
– Method of Load Control: throttling of fuel and air, control of
fuel alone and combination of these.
– Cooling: water cooled and air cooled engine.
• Otto Cycle
– Intake
– Compression,
– Combustion
– Power
– Exhaust
Defence University, College of Engineering 21
I.C Engine Funda (SI Engine)
fuel
pressure
volume
TDC BDC
pressure
volume
TDC BDC
pressure
volume
TDC BDC
pressure
volume
TDC BDC
pressure
volume
TDC BDC
pressure
volume
TDC BDC
pressure
volume
TDC BDC
Basic Cycle Otto Cycle Heat addition @ V=C Diesel cycle, Heat addition @P=C
Gasoline, Highly volatile fuel, self Diesel oil, non volatile fuel, self-
Fuel
ignition temp is high ignition temp is comparatively low
Required an ignition system with Ignition system & sparkplug are not
Ignition
spark plug necessary
Compression 6-10, upper limit is fixed by anti 16-20 upper limit is limited by weight
ratio knock quantity of fuel increase of the engine
They are high speed engines (light They are low speed engines ( heavy
Speed
weight & homogeneous combustion) weight & heterogeneous combustion)
weight Lighter due to lower peak pressure Heavier due to higher peak pressure
Turning moment is not uniform & hence a Turning moment is more uniform & hence
heavier flywheel is needed a lighter flywheel can be used
The initial cost is very high (because of Initial cost of the engine is less (because of
heavy wt. & complicated valve mechanism) light wt. & simplicity)
Thermal Efficiency is higher, part load Thermal Efficiency is less, part load
efficiency is better efficiency is poor compared 4-s engine
Used where Efficiency is important Used where low cost, compactness & Light
( in Cars, Buses, aero planes, etc… Wt. are important (in Motercycles
41
Defence University, College of Engineering