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CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

4G Paging Guideline

Radio Network Quality Team

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4G Paging Guideline | Timeline CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

Sept 25th 2018 Sept 26th – Oct 1st 2018 Oct 2nd 2018 Oct 3rd – 5th 2018 Oct 8th 2018

Today
Guideline Preparation & Verification All Vendor submit Finalization Guideline
Initial Meeting with all Nodin release
per Vendor that contains : 4G Paging with RNQ, NPD, & all
by RNQ & NPD
Vendors : Guideline Vendors
1. Huawei 1. Paging description
2. Nokia 2. Parameter Related to Paging
3. EID (with Recommended value)
4. ZTE 3. KPI & Counter related to paging
4. Paging Dimensioning based on
Hardware capability
5. Paging Dimensioning calculation
based on PCH capacity (with
GOS)
6. Solution for Paging High Paging
& Discard
7. TAL / TAC Dimensioning
recommendation

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PAGING OVERVIEW CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

• Paging Procedure is triggered if:

- There is a downlink data for the UE which is not in connected state (RRC_Idle)
- Cell Reconfiguration was present, UE is informed that the information in SIB was
modified and it has to read the SIB again

eNB1
S-GW
MME
S11
TA1
Downlink
dataDownlink
for UE1
dataDownlink
for UE1
eNB2
data for UE1
Downlink UE 4 UE 3 UE 2 UE 1
data for UE4

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PAGING OVERVIEW CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

› Paging messages are transmitted in all cells within the affected tracking area by the RBS on the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH). The Paging
Radio Network Temporary Identity (P-RNTI) is broadcast on PDCCH where the information about the modulation and coding scheme of the PDSCH data
containing the RRC Paging message, is found.
› The information in PDCCH is transmitted with a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), which is scrambled with the P-RNTI. This notifies the UEs about the presence
of a Paging message within in the same subframe.
› When a UE detects a P-RNTI on the PDCCH, it demodulates and decodes the Paging message, contained in the PDSCH, and forwards it over the Paging
Channel (PCH) to the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer.

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PAGING OVERVIEW CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

o Paging message may be triggered either by MME in core network or eNB in Radio Access Network
o UEs in idle mode monitor the PDCCH channel for P-RNTI used for paging to receive paging message from eNB. The UE needs to monitor the PDCCH only at
certain UE specific paging occasion, i.e. only at specific subframe in specific radio frame. At other times the UE may go for sleep mode to save battery
power.
o Paging Frame (PF): One Paging Frame (PF) is one Radio Frame in which the UE is looking for paging message. One Paging Frame may contain one or
multiple Paging Occasion(s).
o Paging Occasion (PO): It is a subframe where there may be P-RNTI transmitted on PDCCH addressing the paging message for the UE. There is always only
one paging occasion for each UE in a DRX cycle.

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PAGING FRAME DESCRIPTION CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

Paging Frame (PF) is a radio frame (of 10 ms) which may be used for paging
• All attached UEs (N) are distributed on all Paging Frames within one Paging DRX cycle (based on IMSI)
• Single Paging Frame contains single Paging Occasion (PO). Paging Occasion – one TTI (#9 [FDD], #0 [TDD]) within PF
where RRC Paging Message can be sent
• Paging Occasions are monitored in RRC Idle as well as in RRC Connected state (SI change for example can be received in RRC
Connected state)

Paging Frame Paging Frame Paging Frame Paging Frame

… … … …
TTI TTI
DRX period
Paging Paging DRX cycle (of UE 1,8,…)
Occasion
UE 1 UE 2 UE… UE 1
UE 8 UE 10 UE… UE 8
UE … UE … UE N UE …

• DRX period defines time when UE or group of UEs do not listen for paging (PDCCH is not monitored)
• Paging DRX Cycle – defines time between two Paging Occasions of the same UE

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PAGING FRAME DESCRIPTION CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

Paging Frame Paging Frame

Paging Frames are distributed on all radio

… … … … frames according to pagingNb parameter
value.

UE 1 UE 2

The higher amount of Paging Frames the more

PDCCH and PDSCH resources may be used for
paging (paging capacity is increased)

LNCEL: pagingNb:
range: oneT(2), halfT(3), quaterT(4), oneEighthT(5),
oneSixteenthT(6), oneThirtySecondT(7)
Paging nB defines the number of possible paging
occasions per radio frame, i.e. the density of paging
occasions.

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PAGING FRAME DESCRIPTION CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

Paging Frame Paging Frame Paging Frame Paging Frame

… … … …
TTI
Paging DRX cycle (defPagCyc) TTI

UE 1 UE 2 UE N UE 1

Paging DRX cycle defines period between two

PFs, where PO for concrete group of UEs can
appear (parameter: defPagCyc)

The longer Paging DRX cycle is, the longer is

call setup time and lower battery
consumption

LNCEL: defPagCyc:
range: 32rf (0), 64rf(1), 128rf(2), 256rf(3)
The default paging cycle defines the cell-specific paging
DRX cycle duration

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PAGING CAPACITY | EID CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

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PAGING CAPACITY | NOKIA CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

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PAGING CAPACITY | HUAWEI CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

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PAGING CAPACITY | ZTE CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

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PAGING PARAMETER | EID CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

MO
Range and Default Recommended
Class Parameter Name Parameter Description Comment
Values Value Value
Name
By increasing this
The maximum allowed number of paging records included
parameter, paging
in one Radio Resource Control (RRC) paging message. It is 7 (5MHz)
Paging maxNoOfPagingRecords 1..16 3 capacity related to
the allowed maximum number of UE that can be paged per 16 (>=10MHz)
blocking will be
paging occasion.
increased.
The paging cycle (also referred to as T) used by the RBS 1.28 seconds. Can be
and broadcast in system information type 2. If the UE- decreased to reduce
specific Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle is provided setup time with
Paging defaultPagingCycle 32,64,128,256 128 128
in S1AP paging and has a smaller value than drawback of increased
defaultPagingCycle, the UE-specific DRX cycle overrides battery consumption in
defaultPagingCycle. UEs
Used to calculate the number and position of Paging
The setting of this
Occasions (PO) and Paging Frames
parameter will mainly
The numerical value of nB depends on the value of the
impact to PDCCH load
defaultPagingCycle (T) and can be set to one of the
capacity.
following values: 4T, 2T, T, 1/2T,1/4T, 1/8T, 1/16T, 1/32T
By increasing this
When nB is set to T, 2T or 4T, it determines the number of T4, T2,T, T1_2,
T (non ELC) parameter, the paging
Paging nB POs per PF, and the PO position in PF. T1_4, T1_8, T
T/4 (ELC) capacity related to
When nB is set to a value smaller than T, it affects the T1_16, T1_32
blocking will be
System Frame Number of the PF, the position of PO in the
increase, but it will
PF, and also distribution of UE into groups with the same
potentially limit paging
PF.
related to PDCCH load
When nB is set to a smaller value, the groups are fewer but
capacity.
larger, or more but smaller.
The length of time a received paging is retained or queued
in the RBS before it is discarded. The timer should be set to
the same (or smaller) value as the paging resend timer in This is equal to T3413
Paging pagingDiscardTimer 1..15 3 3
MME (T3413). This setting prevents the RBS from retaining (default value)
or sending an old paging after the re-sent copy is received
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from the MME.
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PAGING PARAMETER | NOKIA CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

• pagingNb has impact on number of Paging Occasions per considered time frame i.e.
higher value of pagingNb means: Battery
Consumption

• Increased Max Paging Capacity – more Paging Occasions per time period, e.g. one
Paging DRX Cycle or 1s (it determines bigger maximum number of pagings that are
possible to be handled) AND Call
Setup defPagCyc
Time
• Reduced Blocking Probability:
• When considered Paging Capacity after increase of pagingNb is going to be the same, then
Blocking Probability is reduced:
• reduced number of UEs assigned to one PO (all UEs are distributed evenly onto all
Blocking
available Paging Occasions within one Paging DRX Cycle) Probability

• OR Increased Paging Capacity – increased Max Paging Capacity with the same assumed value of
Blocking Probability will cause increased Paging Capacity

• defPagCyc has impact on length of the Paging DRX Cycle i.e. higher defPagCyc value
means: pagingNb
Max Paging
Capacity
• Reduced Blocking Probability – longer Paging DRX Cycle  more Paging Occasions
within one cycle reducing number of UEs assigned to one PO
• Reduced Blocking Probability has impact on Paging Capacity
• Increased Call Setup Time – UEs are monitoring their Paging Occasions less frequently
• Reduced Battery Consumption – longer DRX period between two assigned Paging Paging
Capacity
Occasions

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PAGING PARAMETER | HUAWEI
Parameter
DefaultPagingCycle
Nb
MaxPagingRecordsNum
DefaultPagingCycle/ Nb definition at chapter 6.3.2 <3GPP TS 36331-b60>
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#GOBEYOND
CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION
Default Meaning Remark
Shorter Paging period will cause
Paging period. SF 128=1.28s
rf128 UE power consumption higher due to
Range:rf 32,rf 64, rf 128. rf256
UE more often listening PCH channel
Indicates the number of paging occasions (a type of
higher NB will occupy more
ONET subframe)/group within a paging period.
command channel resource.
Range: 1/32..1/4,1/2,1,2,4
Indicates the maximum number of UEs that can be
16 included in a paging message on each paging occasion.
Range: 1-16
MaxPagingRecordsNum definition at chapter 6.2.2/6.4 <3GPP TS 36331-b60>
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PAGING PARAMETER | ZTE CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

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PAGING COUNTER | EID CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

o Counters which need to be monitored

related to Paging performance:
o pmPagS1Received
o pmPagS1Discarded
o pmPagReceived
o pmPagDiscarded
o The discarded paging should be at the
lower value compare to expected
blocking probability, i.e. 2% as general
rule.
o Paging success rate per Cell: 100*
(pmPagReceived-pmPagDiscarded )/
pmPagReceived
o Paging optimization is required if the
discarded paging is higher than expected
blocking probability.

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PAGING COUNTER | NOKIA CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

PAGING COUNTERS (eNB side):

Counter name Description
RRC_PAGING_REQUESTS The number of RRC paging requests (records) sent on Radio interface. RRC paging request corresponds to single S1AP Paging message
(M8008C1) triggered by MME.

#8008 LTE RRC MME

Trigger event: Counter incremented with each paging record of a RRC paging message (excluding pure SysInfo message) from S1 interface M50C011
during the measurement period. M50C012
M50C013
DISC_RRC_PAGING The number of discarded RRC paging requests (records). It defines number of pagings for which there was no space in RRC Paging
(M8008C2) message.
S1AP Paging Messages
#8008 LTE RRC Trigger event: This counter is updated when the maximum number of paging records is reached for the nearest paging occasion that
corresponds to the paging request (RRC allows up to 16 paging records per paging occasion) during the measurement period.
RRC_PAGING_MESSAGES Number of RRC Paging messages sent by eNB to UE during considered measurement period.
(M8008C3)
Trigger event: Counter incremented with each RRC paging message sent from eNB to UE.
#8008 LTE RRC M8008C1
M8008C2
PAGING COUNTERS (MME side): M8008C3

Counter name Description

EPS_PAGING_ATTEMPTS (M50C011)
#50 EPS Mobility Management
EPS_PAGING_SUCC (M50C012)
#50 EPS Mobility Management
EPS_PAGING_FAIL
(M50C013)
#50 EPS Mobility Management
Average EPS EMM-REGISTERED users
(flns_5035a)
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The number of Paging Attempts. Initial and repeated are counted
Trigger event: Updated when a single PS paging attempt is made in MME.
The number of successfully performed EPS paging procedures.
Trigger event: This counter is updated when a paging response is received by the MME from the UE as
response to an EPS PS paging procedure.
The number of failed EPS paging procedures.
Trigger event: Updated when all paging attempts are done for a paging procedure and no answer has been
received.
This KPI shows the average number of users in EMM-REGISTERED state.
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PAGING COUNTER | HUAWEI CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

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PAGING COUNTER | ZTE CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

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TRACKING AREA DIMENSIONING CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

Tracking Area planning rules:

TAU messages
• Tracking areas should be planned to be relatively
large, rather than relatively small to minimize
Tracking Area Update
• Their size may be reduced subsequently if
the experienced paging load becomes high
• Existing 2G and 3G location area and routing area
boundaries may be used as a basis for defining LTE
tracking area boundaries
• Tracking areas should not run close to and parallel to
major roads nor railways. Likewise, boundaries should Note: Boundaries of TA along main roads, railways and
not traverse dense subscriber areas (if possible) so on are highly not recommended. Many undesired
and frequent TAUs will be experienced.
• There might be specific requirements to coordinate
Tracking Area planning with Location Area in case of Ping pong effect could be visible too.
CS fallback procedure (CSFB)
TA size (number of eNB within TA) should be
relatively large rather than relatively small to
minimize TAU

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TRACKING AREA DIMENSIONING CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

Paging Capacity – number of

1a • Blocking Probability
pagings/s which can be served by
1 a single eNB in a planned TA
(PCeNB) • max PCeNB

Paging traffic generated towards UEs that • Calculated based on the Traffic Model (PIeNB,TM) or
are camped under one eNB – Paging
1b
Intensity (PIeNB) • Calculated based on counters (PIeNB,Counters)

Maximum Tracking Area: 3 4

Other Aspects:
PCeNB
2 TAsizemax  • Safety margin
• CS Fallback
TA(L) size
PI eNB

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SOLUTION | EID CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

Tuning/optimization of paging performance from radio side is mainly related

to paging capacity to ensure there is enough paging capacity in order to
prevent paging discards while keeping the paging load on PDCCH and PDSCH
channels along wtih RBS and MME CPU loads.

Key Activities:
— Parameter tuning mainly maxNoOfPagingRecords and nB.
— tInactivityTimer can be tuned as well, but it need to put more attention
to other capacity and performance.
— TA Splitting
— Some key rules for TA planning:
— TAs and TA lists should be planned so that areas with frequent TA update
signaling are located in low traffic areas
— TAs and TA lists should be planned so that the need for TA updates is minimized.
This is accomplished by considering how users travel within the network. Busy
roads, railways, and so on, should cross as few TA list borders as possible.
— To minimize CS call setup delay when using CS Fallback the coverage of the TA
list should be within the coverage of one and only one LA of GSM/WCDMA.
— Potential features:
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SOLUTION | NOKIA CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

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SOLUTION | HUAWEI CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

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SOLUTION | ZTE CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

Paging Congestion
As LTE terminals are mostly multi-mode ones, users may be
frequently handed over between 3G and 2G systems, causing
great amount of system reselections and location updates.
Have Y
Alarm/Transport Troubleshoot Alarm
Issue? Therefore, 2G and 3G networks are recommended to be co-sited.
The unified TA and LA planning reduces later maintenance work.
N
N If there is a mature 3G network, the LTE TA area usually will
Parameter follow the LA setting in 3G network. This setting has a benefit: A
Setting Already Optimize Parameter
Optimize ? CSFB UE registered in two networks.

Y And if the UE didn’t change the TAC, when CSFB happens there
wouldn’t have a LAU process in 3G.
TAC <= 3G LAC N
Re-boundary
boundary ? Maximize Paging Capacity by increasing parameters
MaxNoofPagingRecords up to 16
Y Nb parameters up to 4T
TAC Division End
TAC Division follow criteria recommendation

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CUSTOMER
EXPECTATION

THANK YOU

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