INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)

(3C’S - CONNECT, COMPUTE, COMMUNICATE)

Dr.Narayana Swamy Ramaiah

Professor,
Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
School of Electrical Engineering
Jain Deemed To Be University, Bangalore
HUMANS EVOLVE BECAUSE THEY COMMUNICATE
• The principle of sharing information and building on discoveries can best be understood by examining
How Humans Process Data (see Figure 1).

• From bottom to top, the pyramid layers include Data, Information, Knowledge, and Wisdom.
• Data is the raw material that is processed into information. Individual data by itself is not very useful, but volumes
of it can identify trends and patterns.
• This and other sources of information come together to form knowledge. In the simplest sense, knowledge is
information of which someone is aware.
• Wisdom is then born from knowledge plus experience. While knowledge changes over time, wisdom is timeless,
and it all begins with the acquisition of data.
• It is also important to note there is a direct correlation between the input (data) and
output (wisdom).
• The more data that is created, the more knowledge and wisdom people can obtain.
• IoT dramatically increases the amount of data available for us to process. This,
coupled with the Internet’s ability to communicate this data, will enable people to
advance even further.

In the world of IoT, even cows will be connected. A

special report in The Economist titled “Augmented
Business” described how cows will be monitored (see
Figure 2). Sparked, a Dutch start-up company, implants
sensors in the ears of cattle. This allows farmers to
monitor cows’ health and track their movements,
ensuring a healthier, more plentiful supply of milk for
people to consume.

On average, each cow generates about 200 megabytes

of information a year.
 IOT - FIRST EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET
(LINK TO SLIDE 1)
• The Internet is expanding into places that until now have been unreachable.
• Patients are ingesting Internet devices into their own bodies to help doctors
diagnose and determine the causes of certain diseases.
• Extremely small sensors can be placed on plants, animals, and geologic features, and
connected to the Internet.
 IOT - CRITICAL FOR HUMAN PROGRESSION

• As the planet’s population continues to increase, it becomes even more important for people to become stewards
of the earth and its resources. In addition, people desire to live healthy, fulfilling, and comfortable lives for
themselves, their families, and those they care about.
• By combining the ability of the next evolution of the Internet (IoT) to sense, collect, transmit, analyse, and
distribute data on a massive scale with the way people process information, humanity will have the knowledge
and wisdom it needs not only to survive, but to thrive in the coming months, years, decades, and centuries.
 IOT DEFINITION
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical things (objects) embedded
with electronics, software, sensors & actuators, and connectivity which allows
these things to connect, interact and exchange data.
• IoT involves extending Internet connectivity beyond standard devices, such
as desktops, laptops, smartphones and tablets, to any range of
traditionally dumb or non-internet-enabled physical devices and everyday
objects. Embedded with technology, these devices can communicate and
interact over the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled.
 IOT VISION

• IoT is a vision where Things (wearable watches, alarm clocks, home devices,
surrounding objects) become ‘Smart’ and function like living entities by sensing,
computing and communicating through embedded devices which interact with
remote objects (servers, clouds, applications, services and processes) or persons
through the internet or near field communication (NFC) etc.

• Example 1: Umbrella can be made to function like a living entity.

• Example 2: Streetlights in a city can be made to function like living entities through
sensing and computing using tiny embedded devices that communicate and interact
with a central control and command station through internet.
 IOT DEVICE ARCHITECTURE
• Data collector: A sensor, IOT device, and so on, that produces data from some event or observation.
• Data aggregator: A node (embedded controller, microcontroller, small computer, and so on) that receives information from
one or more data collectors. Its purpose is to aggregate and augment the data for storage at the next layer.
• Actionable device: An IOT device that provides some user-controllable feature such as moving a sensor, operating locks,
and so on.
• Database server: A node, typically a server that stores the data collected for later retrieval and analysis.
• IOT services: A computer system that provides an access layer to the database server and actionable devices. It may be
systems located inside or outside the solution firewall. Systems are typically Internet servers or cloud services that allow
users to view the data and manipulate the actionable devices.
 SMART AND HYPER CONNECTED DEVICES
• As Per Collins Dictionary, Hyper connectivity means use of multiple systems and
devices to remain constantly connected to social networks and streams of
information.
• Smart devices are devices with computing and communication capability that can
constantly connect to networks
• Edge Computing implies computations at the device level before the before the
computed data communicates over the internet
• Examples : Street lights, RFID tracking
 IOT ARCHITECTURAL VIEW
• Cisco’s – Reference Model – Seven Layers/Tiers
• A reference model could be identified to specify reference architecture (oracle’s)
 BENEFITS OF IOT

• The internet of things offers a number of benefits to organizations,

enabling them to:
• Monitor their overall business processes;
• Improve the customer experience;
• Save time and money;
• Enhance employee productivity;
• Integrate and adapt business models;
• Make better business decisions and Generate more revenue.
• IoT encourages companies to rethink the ways they approach their businesses,
industries and markets and gives them the tools to improve their business
strategies.
 THE FUTURE OF IOT

• There is no shortage of IoT market estimations. For example:

• Bain & Company expects annual IoT revenue of hardware and software to exceed
$450 billion by 2020.
• McKinsey & Company estimates IoT will have an $11.1 trillion impact by 2025.
• IHS Markit believes the number of connected IoT devices will increase 12% annually
to reach 125 billion in 2030.
• Gartner assesses that 20.8 billion connected things will be in use by 2020, with total
spend on IoT devices and services to reach $3.7 trillion in 2018.
Questions