Blow off valve

Presentation
Supervised by: dr.forat Yasir
Prepared by:
Ghassan mohammed
Muntaser sahib
Hussein Mustafa
Hussein Abdullah
Hussein Ali
Rasoul Mohsen
 A blow-off valve (BOV), dump
valve or compressor bypass
valve (CBV):
is a pressure release system present
in most turbocharged engines. Its
main purpose is to take the strain
off the turbo when the throttle is
suddenly released.
 Characteristics
A compressor bypass valve (CBV), also •
known as a pressure relief valve or diverter
valve, is a manifold vacuum-actuated valve
designed to release pressure in the intake
system of a turbocharged vehicle when the
throttle is lifted or closed. This air pressure
is re-circulated back into the non-
pressurized end of the intake (before the
turbo) but after the mass airflow sensor.
Blow off valves are used to prevent compressor surge, a •
phenomenon that readily occurs when lifting off the
throttle of an unvented, turbocharged engine. The
sound produced is called turbo flutter (the slang term
"choo-choo" is sometimes used). When the throttle
plate on a turbocharged engine closes, with the turbine
spinning at high speed, the flow reduces beyond the
surge line of the compressor. At this point the delta-P
across the compressor reduces leading to a collapse in
flow and possibly even flow reversal and a collapse in
plenum pressure. As the compressor is still spinning at
high speed, once the flow has reduced sufficiently,
delta-P across the compressor begins to rise and flow is
re-established into the plenum. This continues until
once again the plenum is pressurised and flow begins
to fall until the surge line is again crossed and the cycle
repeats. This unstable flow leads to the cyclic noise
sometimes heard on high boost engines with no
 Operation •
blowoff valve is connected by a vacuum hose •
to the intake manifold after the throttle plate.
When the throttle is closed, the relative
manifold pressure drops below atmospheric
pressure and the resulting pressure
differential operates the blowoff valve's
piston. The excess pressure from the
turbocharger is then vented into the
atmosphere or recirculated into the intake
upstream of the compressor inlet.
When the throttle plate is open, the air pressure on both
sides of the piston in the blow-off valve is equal and the
spring keeps the piston down
 disadvantage
In the case where a mass airflow sensor (MAF) is used and is located upstream from the •
blow off valve, the engine control unit (ECU) will inject excess fuel because the
atmospherically vented air is not subtracted from the intake charge measurements. The
engine then briefly operates with a fuel-rich mixture after each valve actuation.
The rich mixing can lead to hesitation or even stalling of the engine when the throttle is •
closed, a situation that worsens with higher boost pressures. Occasional events of this type
may be only a nuisance, but frequent events can eventually foul the spark plugs and destroy
the catalytic converter, as the inefficiently combusted fuel produces soot (excess carbon)
and unburned fuel in the exhaust flow can produce soot in the converter and drive the
converter beyond its normal operating temperature range.
An alternative method for utilizing both a MAF and a blow off valve is to have the MAF •
located down stream between the intercooler and the throttle plate. This is known as Blow-
through rather than the traditional Draw-through set up. Care must be taken as to the
position of the MAF to prevent damage to the sensitive element. For example, on
a SR20DET engine, the MAF must be at least 12" (30cm) from the throttle plate, and the
blow off valve must be 6" (15cm) from the MAF sensor. By using a blow-through method,
the MAF won't be affected by the blow off valve opening as the pressure is vented before
the air reaches the MAF.
One approach used to mitigate the problem has been to reduce the boost pressure, which •
reduces the required venting volume and yields less charge over-calculation by the ECU. The
air can also be recirculated back into the intake, a typical stock setup for cars with an
 Types of Blow-Off Valves

• 1-Vented Blow-off Valve: In

the case of this blow-off valve,
the air will be released in the
atmosphere. One of its
greatest advantages over its
counterpart is that its
installation is easier.
Recirculate Blow-•
off Valve:
With this blow-off valve, on the •
other hand, there will be
recirculation of air back to the
system. If you have a Mass Air
Flow sensor, this is the perfect
choice for you.