INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FIRE

ACCIDENTS, MECHANICAL AND

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS,CHEMICALS
AND PHARMACEUTICALS

PRESNTED BY : AMITKUMAR. U. ROHIT

(M.PHARM; PHARMACEUTICS)
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
SET’S COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, DHARWAD
CONTENTS:

1. Industrial hazards due to fire accidents.

2. Industrial hazards due to mechanical
equipments.
3. Industrial hazards due to electrical
equipments.
4. Industrial hazards due to chemicals and
pharmaceuticals.
1. INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS DUE TO FIRE
ACCIDENTS
 The effect of fire on people take the form of skin burns
due to explosion to thermal radiation.
 The severity of burn depends on the intensity of the
fire and explosion time.
 Fire occurs in the industry is more frequent than
explosion and toxic release.
 Fire can takes several different forms including jet
fires, pool fires and boiling liquid expanding vapor
explosion .
CONTROL OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION

Fire protection is an important part of good

house keeping, since a single fire or explosion
can spread to adjoining units So, fire protection
provisions are applicable to bulk drug
industries.
Following are the criteria to be evaluated
for control of fire and explosion.
 Identification of fire risks during operation in
receipt, storage, transfer and handling of -
 material.
 Identification and control of ignition sources in
areas where flammable chemicals are stored /
handled / transferred.
 Review of fire detection measures adopted in the
plant and to suggest suitable improvement
measures.
 Review of active fire protection requirement for
chemical storage and handling areas and to
suggest improvement as necessary.
 Use of fire alarm, fire extinguisher, sprinkler
system in the industries.
 Review of constructor safety awareness and
recommend suitable improvement measures
like chemical spill, fire fishting, emergency
communication, knowledge about plant safety.
 Review of safety awareness and safety training
requirements of plant employees with respect
to hazards present in the plant.
 Exit doors.
2. INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS DUE TO MECHANICAL
EQUIPMENTS
 Accidents usually takes place by the combined of
unsafe condition and carelessness.
 Mechanical hazards are most common in metal
industries and construction site.
 Factors responsible for most of the accidents are.
1. Physical :- The physical capability of the worker
may not meet the job requirement.
2. Physiological factor :-
 Age : Younger people are involved more in
accidents then older age group.
 Sex : Men are more prone to accidents then
women according to ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF
HYGINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH, The ratio was
24:5 in 1946 in west bengal.
 Time : less accident in the beginning of the day
and more in the late hour of the day due to
fatigue of the worker
 Experience : More experienced the employee
lesser the accidents
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
1 . Building planning :
- Flours must be non slippery type and they
can easily cleaned.
- Even employee must have enough space to
move and operate.
- Easy access of workers to the safety switches
2 . Safe material handling :
- All material handling equipment should be -
 repaired and maintained properly.
3 . Personnel protective devices
- Protection of heads by using hard hats and
helmets.
- Protection of ears by using ear muffs and
plugs.
- Protection of face by using face masks
3 . INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS DUE TO ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENTS
Following are the hazards caused due to
electricity.
 Shock by A. C. and burns by D .C. due to poor
indication facilities.
 Wiring faults and improperly wired equipments

 Sparking at the loose connection.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

 Proper maintenance of wiring and equipments.

 High voltage equipment should be properly
enclosed.
 Indication of danger sign at very high voltage
terminal.
 Good house keeping.

 As far as possible the wiring should be out side

the production area.
 Worker should avoid working in electrical
circuits or equipments in wet clothes and
shoes.
 Water supply should be far away from electrical
supply or circuits.
4 . INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS DUE TO CHEMICAL
AND PHARMACEUTICALS
The chemical hazards caused more than any
other hazards because they are used by almost
every industry.
They act in three ways
1 . Local action : Causing dermatitis, eczema,
ulcers and even cancer by primary irritant
action.
ex. Aniline is absorbed by skin and cause
 systemic effect.
2. Inhalation : Gas such as CO2, HCN, NH3, H2S,
HCL cause gas poisoning.
ex, Bhopal gas tragedy.
3. Ingestion : Chemicals such as lead, mercury,
arsenic, zinc, phosphate etc may cause severe
problems.
PREVENTIVE MEASURES

 Tolerance level for toxic chemicals set by the

federal regulation have to be followed.
 By maintaining protective measures of good
house keeping principles.
 suitable label to the chemicals for proper
handling purpose.
 Use of goggles and masks where dust evolves.
IMAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING BETTER
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

In all places of
employment:
passageways,
storerooms, and
service rooms
shall be kept clean
and orderly in a
sanitary condition.
Good
housekeeping
includes cleaning
up grindings,
shavings, and
general debris
from shop work
on
a daily basis.
The floor of
every
workroom shall
be
maintained in a
clean,
dry condition.
Where
wet processes
are
used, dry
standing
places should
provided where
practicable.
Every structure is
required to have
load bearing when
using for storage.
Floor hole into
which
persons can
accidentally walk
shall be protected
by
a cover that leaves
no opening more
than
1 inch wide. The
cover shall be
securely held in
place.
Treads on all stairs
shall be reasonably
slip resistant. This
picture illustrates
adequate slip
resistance in place.
Ladders with broken
or missing steps,
rungs or cleats,
broken side rails, or
other faulty
equipment shall not
be used. Improvised
repairs shall not be
made.
The bottoms of the 4
legs are to be supplied
with insulating non-slip
material for the safety of the
user.
Metal ladders shall be
painted or treated to
resist corrosion and
rusting.
Including ladders
formed by individual
metal rungs embedded
in concrete.
Rungs shall have a
minimum diameter of 1
inch.
Employees must be able
to open an exit route
door from the inside at
all times without keys,
tools, or special
knowledge even in the
dark.
The door that connects
any room to an exit route
must swing out in the
direction of exit travel if
the room is designed to
be occupied by more
than 50 people or if the
room is a high hazard
area. This picture is an
example of a proper exit
door.
The outdoor exit
route must have
guardrails to
protect unenclosed
sides if a fall
hazard exists
Exit routes must be
free and
unobstructed. No
materials or
equipment may be
placed, either
permanently or
temporarily, within the
exit route.
Exit sign not
visible along the
hallway:
Each doorway or passage
along an exit route access
that could be mistaken for
an exit must be marked
“Not an Exit” or similar
designation, or be
designated by a sign
indicating its actual use
(e.g., closet). This picture
is an example of an
adequate marking.
REFERENCES

 Text book of pharmaceutical engineering, c.v.s.

subrahmanyam. Page no, 480-483
 www.google.com