POVERTY ERADICATION

According to the 1997 united nations development

report
“From a human development perspective poverty
means the denial of choices and opportunities for a
tolerable life”
Poverty is a complex ,multifaceted problem. policy
debates tend to emphasize the monetary aspect of
poverty ,whereas many other factors-including
access to control over natural resources and
land ,employment, health ,nutrition and education,
access to services ,conflict, political power and
social inclusion-also play crucial roles.
 MIllenium Development
MIllenium Development
Goals;end poverty
Goals;end poverty by
by 2015
2015
• WHEN 1.4 BILLION PEOPLE LIVE ON LESS THAN $1.25 A
DAY.
• When more than 1 billion people lack clean water drinking
• Poverty is too big to address alone. but when we stand up
together we can change the lives of billions
• If not billions……
 We are the next generation that can end poverty .we can
achieve the millennium development goals and end poverty
by 2015
 Poverty is thus as much a social political and environmental
problem as it is an economic one.
 The fact is we have the knowledge of money resources and
technology
 The only thing is political will and you.
 Last year ,116 million people stood up toed poverty and
inequality .
 Each year ,more than 8 million people around the world die
because they are poor to stay alive
 Achievement of Millennium Development
Goals and targets
MDGs (Millennium Development Goals )by the year 2015 and
to attain the delineated targets such as; 
•• Remove
Remove thethe ugly
ugly faces
faces of
of poverty
poverty byby eradicating
eradicating hunger,
hunger, chronic
chronic
food
food insecurity
insecurity and
and extreme
extreme destitution,
destitution,
•• Reduce
Reduce the
the number
number of
of people
people living
living below
below poverty
poverty line
line by
by 50%,
50%,
•• Attain
Attain universal
universal primary
primary education
education for
for all
all girls
girls and
and boys
boys of
of primary
primary
school
school age,
age,
•• Eliminate
Eliminate gender
gender disparity
disparity in
in primary
primary and
and secondary
secondary
education,
education,
•• Reduce
Reduce infant
infant and
and under
under five
five mortality
mortality rates
rates by
by 65%
65% and
and
eliminate
eliminate gender
gender disparity
disparity in
in child
child mortality,
mortality,
•• Reduce
Reduce the
the proportion
proportion of
of malnourished
malnourished children
children under
under five
five by
by
50%
50% and
and eliminate
eliminate gender
gender disparity
disparity in
in child
child malnutrition,
malnutrition,
•• Reduce
Reduce maternal
maternal mortality
mortality byby 75%,
75%, and
and
•• Ensure
Ensure availability
availability of
of reproductive
reproductive health
health services
services to
to all
all
women.
women.
Reduce the half proportion of the people living on less than
a dollar a day.
Reduce by half proportion of people who suffer from hunger .

• Over 1 billion people -1 in 6 people around the world live in

extreme poverty, defined as living on less than 1 a day.
Over 100 million primary school – age children cannot go to
school because it is too expensive.
More than 30 percent of children in developing countries –about
600

• 860 million around the world suffer from chronic

hunger and malnutrition. one in 12 people world wide
is malnourished including 160 millions children under
the age of 5.
in developing countries 91 out of 1000 children die
before their fifth birthday.
The wealthiest fifth of the worlds people consume 86
percent of all goods and services.
 “There is enough for everybody’s need .but not
for everybody’s greed ” .
-Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
• Traditional natural resource management practices are
hampered ,whether through environmental devastation ,over
exploitation, privatization or lack of access they may be forced
to make their livings less sustainable ways in order to support
themselves and their families.
• One billion people do not have access to clean drinking water,
and 1.8 million people die each other year due to inadequate
hygiene, sanitation and water supply .
• Globally, we have the resources to eradicate poverty and
hunger both in rural and urban communities.
• The push for expanded foreign direct investment into poor
countries and increased exports is based on the false premise
that the revenues generated will “trickle down” to the poor.
this is the basis of the poverty alleviation approaches of
international financial institutions like the world bank and
trade bodies including the world trade organization.
 Poverty: a multi-dimensional and complex issue
Poverty as Concept
• Poverty as concept has many meanings and interpretations and as
used by different peoples in different contexts to describe different
things. For examples:
• Poverty at Global Level (e.g. total number of world’s poor)
• Income Poverty (mostly commonly used meaning, e.g.
number of people on dollar a day)
• Relative Poverty (e.g. there are many “poor” in rich countries
who are rich compared to all people in many poor countries)
• Poverty Level in-country (e.g. unemployed, number below
poverty line, food rationing etc.)
• Poverty Line (e.g. different countries set their own)
• Poverty alleviation/reduction as a goal e.g. MDG, PRSPs
 Poverty Eradication Progress
during the Last Decade

• During the 1990’s economic growth averaged nearly 5% with fiscal

and current account imbalances contained at manageable levels, low
inflation, and low public debt.
• National poverty fell from 59% to 50%, infant mortality was halved,
and life expectancy increased from 56 to 65 years.
• In the mid-2000’s the average economic growth has exceeded 5% and
poverty incidence further declined.
• The first time in the last two decades, the GDP growth rate exceeded
6% in FY 2004.
• The vast majority of children attend primary schools, and gender
parity has been reduced in primary and secondary education
enrollment.
Poverty Trend
Regions 1990 1998 2008
(Projection)
East Asia 28 15 9
Eastern Europe and Central 2 5 10
Asia
South Asia 44 40 31
Sub-Saharan Africa 48 46 52
Latin America 17 16 23
Global 30% 24% 22%
Source: World Bank: 2001 (World Development Report: Attacking Poverty)
Status and trends of drought Africa:
Drought events per country from 1970 to 2004
Increasing frequency
and severity of
drought witnessed in
the continent

• Climate change to
exacerbate drought

• Two thirds of Africa is

classified as either deserts
or drylands.
• Current climate
scenarios- driest
regions of the world
will become even drie

Source: Adapted from Noojin, Leah 2006. Factors that influence Famine in Sub-
saharan African Countries
 Poverty reduction and
Economic Growth
Poverty reduction and Economic Growth

• Drought and floods account for 80 percent of loss of life and 70

percent of economic losses linked to natural hazards in Sub-
Saharan Africa.

• The drought of 1990/1991 in Zimbabwe resulted in a 45% drop in

agricultural production but also a 62% decline in the value of the
stock market, a 9% drop in manufacturing output and an 11% drop in
the GDP.

• In Kenya, the drought of 1999-2001 cost the economy some 2.5

billion dollars. Can best be thought of as 2.5 billion dollars of
foregone development, for example, hospitals and schools not built.

Thus for millions in Africa, poverty eradication is

inextricably linked to success in mitigating the
impacts of drought.
Country Drought Consequences
Period
Uganda 2004/200 Reduction in water levels at Lake Victoria resulting in
5 reduction in hydro-power generation by 50MW
Kenya 1992 Failure of rains led to power rationing in April–May 1992
Kenya 1998 to Massive drought decreased hydro generation (25% in
2001 2000), which had to be replaced by more expensive fuel-
based generation. Power rationing in 1999–2001.
Lesotho 1992 Hydro operation limited to 6 months, leading to 20%
reduction compared to 1991
Malawi 1997 to Engineering operations affected by drought. Amount of
1998 hydro energy generated was 6% less than in years of
normal rainfall.
Mauritius 1999 Massive drought led to 70% drop in normal annual
production of electricity.
Tanzania 1997 The Mtera dam reached its lowest ever level resulting in
a 17% drop in hydro generation, use of thermal
generation to meet the shortfall, and power rationing.
Zambia 1992 Poor rainfall resulted in a 35% reduction in hydro-power
generation in relation to the previous year.
Zimbabw 1993 Drought led to a drop of over 9% in energy production
e compared to 1992.
Electricity related impacts of drought in selected countries in Africa
Poverty Eradication
Core Beliefs

• Poor have a strong desire and innate

ability to come out of poverty; a strong
sense of self-help and volunteerism

• Social mobilization to unleash their

innate energies

• Poor can come out of poverty only

through their own institutions

• Sensitive support institutions for poor to

induce and nurture social mobilisation
 POVERTY REDUCTION
THRUSTS
PGMA 10 Point Legacy Agenda

B — Balanced budget
E — Education for all
A — Automated elections
T — Transport infrastructure

T — Terminate NPA and MILF hostilities

H — Heal the wounds of EDSA 1, 2, and 3
E — Electricity and water for all

O — Opportunities for livelihood and jobs

D — Decongestion of Metro Manila
D — Decentralize Development
S -- Subic-Clark alliance
 Priority Programs/
Thrusts for Poverty Reduction
Goal: Enhanced livelihood activities for the poor to generate
jobs, increase income and strengthen local economy
Strategy: Create 3 Million Microentrepreneurs through
microfinance in the next 6 years

Goal: Accelerate asset reform in agriculture, urban asset &

ancestral domain

Goal: Empowerment of the Poor

Strategy: Active participation of the poor in decision making
especially in the analysis of their problems and definition of
solutions
Goal: Provide potable clean water and sanitation
facilities
Target: Prioritized water and sanitation facilities to
200 waterless Strategy: Expand Health Insurance
particularly for indigents through premium subsidy
Goal: Improved accessibility and affordability of
essential services
Strategy: accelerated public health program reforms
Goal: Give preferential access to social protection
vulnerable groups

Target: Assistance to children in need of special

attention
Target: Assistance to Youth with special needs
Target: Assistance to women in especially difficult
circumstances and dysfunctional families
Target: Assistance to Persons with Disabilities
Target: Assistance to elderly persons
Society For Elimination of
Rural Poverty (SERP)
• SERP is an independent autonomous Society
registered under Public Societies Act
• SERP adopts a positive rights-based
empowerment approach in its development
path.
Vision of SERP

• Each family in the state should be

• out of poverty and enjoy:
• Intra family equity – equal status for women
• Freedom from hunger
• Decent Income: > Rs. 5000 per month, 3 - 4 sources
• Planned household expenditure
• Risk management - life, health, assets and incomes
• Education, health and shelter
 Nested Federation Model
Distric t Fe d e ra tio n o r Zilla Sa ma kh ya Dis tric t
300 ,00 0– 5 00 ,00 0 m e m b e rs o n a v e ra g e
Fe deratio n Sub
Ro le s a n d Re s p o n s ib ilities : C o n d u c ts m a rke t int e rfa c e , Committee
M aint a ins M IS/ITs yst em
s

Sub - d istric t Fe d e ra tio n o r Ma n d a l Sa ma kh ya

700 0 - 1 00 00 m e m b e rs o n a v e ra g e ; Yo u n g p ro fe s sio n a l st aff
Ro le s a n d Re s p o n s ib ilities : Su p p o rt t o VO s , Se c u re lin ka g e w it h Sub-dis trict
G o vt . De pts . , Au d itin g o f th e g ro u p s , M ic ro fin a n c e fu n ctio n s Fe deratio n Sub
c ommittee s

Villa g e O rg a niza tio n (VO )

150– 20 0 m e m b e rs o n a v e ra g e ; Ac t ivists , Bo o k Ke e p e rs a n d ,
Pa ra p ro fe ss io n a ls Sub
Ro le s a n d Re s p o n s ib ilities : St re n gt h e n in g SHGs , Arra n g e lin e s
Villag e
Org an iz atio c ommittee s
o f c re d it t o SHGs , So c ia l a c t io n a n d Su p p o rt a c t ivists , Villa g e
d e v e lo p m e n t n

Se lf- He lp G ro up s (SHG s)
10–1 5 m e m b e rs p e r SHG
Ro le s a n d Re s p o n s ib ilities : Th rift a n d c re d it , Pa rt ic ip at o ry
m o n it o rin g , p o v e rt y re d u c t io n p la n s , h o u s e h o ld in v estm e nt
SHG SHG SHG
p la n s
 Functionaries – NPM
SPMU
SPA, Consultants State

DPMU
DPM (NPM)
District

Technical Consultant 7-8 Mandals

Community

Resource Mandal Coordinator Mandal

Persons
Cluster Activist (CA)/ CCA Cluster – 5
villages

Village Organisation Village

CV/CF, VBK, BK
Community Resource Persons

• CRPs are farmers who practice (best practitioners)

CMSA and demonstrate that it is profitable and
practicable to other farmers.
• Should have at least two years experience
• Should posses patience, courage and in depth
knowledge on sustainable agriculture
• Should able to convince farmers on sustainable
agriculture methods
• Should have interest to visit other mandals and
districts
• Should able to write and read, this can be relaxed
in case of extraordinary persons
Review of poverty removal by Indian government
• Integrated Rural development programme(IRDP):
The IRDP started since the sixth plan, Under the programme, subsidies were
provided to the identified families so as to enable them to acquire an income
generating asset.
• Jawahar Rojgar Yojana:
The JRY had been formulated by merging together two wage employment
programmes that had been in operation earlier i.e. NREP AND RLEGP. This
programme was renamed as JAWAHAR GRAM SAMMRIDHI YOJANA and in
APRIL 2002 it merged with Sampoorna Grameen rozgar yojana.
• Nehru Rozgar Yojana:
The NRY is the urban counterpart of the JRY. It aims at creating one million jobs
annually. It wil create opportunities for self employment as well as generate wage
employment.
• The programme of development of women and children in rural areas (DWCRA):
The DWCRA aims to improve the socio economic status of the poor women in rural
areas through group of women for income generating activities.
• The Employment assurance scheme (EAS):
It aimed at providing 100 days of unskilled manual work up to two members of the
family in the age group 18-60 years normally residing in villages in the lean
agriculture season ..
 OTHER POVERTY REMOVAL AND
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAMMES

The Swarna Jayanti Shahari

Rozgar Yojana.
Prime Minister’s Rozgar
Yojana.
The Swarna Jayanti Gram
Rozgar Yojana.
National social assistance
programme.
Indira awas yojana
Food for Work Programme.
Dislodging sludge to keep water flowing in a sewer
canal in the Janata Colony section of New Delhi.
Causes of poverty in India

Rural life in rajasthan

Slum shacks and a rubbish-laden river, with a child in the middle, in

the Indian Himalayas.
In New Delhi, a woman wields Women washing clothes in ditch
pickaxe on a footpath alongside main road in Mumbai
maintenance project while her
husband takes a break and
her baby sleeps

Slums adjoining the railway A beggar in India, it shows the high

tracks at Bandra station in level of poverty in India.
mumbai
 Conclusion

The World Bank and United Nations should

attempt to affect changes at the state level,
working to create democratic governments. This
approach is not without problems and can not be
called easy
I believe it deals with both the individuals and the
state at the levels needed and could help to halve
the number of people living in poverty by 2015.. The
key is that we do not ignore those living in poverty
but help, in whatever way we believe is best. We
are obliged to try our hardest to make
circumstances better for them.