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CHAPTER 3
PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION
EARLIER ATTEMPTS OF CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS
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1. Doberenier’s Triads
2. Newland’s Law of Octaves
3. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table
4. Long form of Periodic Table
No. of periods: 7
No. of Groups: 18
No. of periods represents the highest principal quantum number (n) of the elements
present in it.
First Period: n=1…..(1s) two elements (h & He)
Second Period n=2….(2s & 2p) eight elements (Li to Ne)
Third Period n=3 …(3s & 3p) eight elements (Na to Ar)
Fourth Period n=4 …(4s, 3d & 4p) eighteen elements (K to Kr)
Fifth Period n=5…(5s, 4d & 5p) eighteen elements (Rb to Xe)
Sixth Period n=6…(6s, 4f, 5d & 6p) thirty two elements (Cs to Rn)
(Lanthanoids …Ce to Lu)….14 elements (4f)
Seventh Period n=7…(7s, 5f, 6d, 7p)
(Actinoids…Th to Lr)
accept electron.
1. Nuclear charge:
Greater the NC, more attraction, large –ve is the EGE
2. Atomic size:
Smaller the size, higher the attraction, large –ve is the
EGE
3. Electron configuration:
More stable e- configuration, less tendency to accept the
e-, less –ve EGE.
For example: Noble gases have high +ve EGE.
www.chemzblog.wordpress.com.....Zaid Mansuri 9824662116
Variation of EGE across the period
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Down the group, the atomic size & nuclear charge both
increase. But increase in atomic size is more pronounced.
Therefore, EGE becomes less –ve down the group.
Some irregularities…
1. F(-328) < Cl(-349). Reverse expected. Becoz, when
an electron is added to F, it goes to relatively
compact n=2 energy level. As a result it
experiences significant e-e repulsion.
2. Same is the case with O(-141) < S(-200).
e-s.
Down the group, the valency remains the same.