Inisiasi IV

Bahasa Inggris I/MKDU4107

Reference adalah suatu kata rujukan untuk merujuk tentang makna yang secara
langsung mengacu kepada sesuatu yang dapat berupa benda nyata, peristiwa, proses,
ciri, orang, gejala sesuatu dsb dalam suatu kalimat maupun bacaan.

Reference word biasanya berbentuk Kata Ganti (Pronoun) yang disebutkan setelah
benda atau orang yang dimaksudkan dalam text.
 REFERENCE (KATA RUJUKAN)
1. Anaphora (sth before)
Rujukan terhadap sesuatu yang telah disebutkan
sebelumnya). Kata-kata rujukannya seperti pada kolom
Reference di table di bawah)
Reference Refers to
It / its Single noun before
She / her / hers Single female person before
He / his / him Single male person before
They / their / theirs Plural nouns before
This / that Noun / phrase / clause / sentence before
There / here Place (mentioned) before
**catatan :
a. “It” sebagai kata ganti (pronoun) benda tunggal, misalnya
menggantikan : a cat, the photo, my camera, the dream, an
organization, the boy’s activity, dll.
b. “He” sebagai kata ganti orang laki-laki, misalnya
menggantikan : a boy, a photographer, a cameraman, Andi, my
brother, an actor, dll.
c. “They” sebagai kata ganti orang atau benda yang lebih dari
satu, misalnya menggantikan : some cats, two photos, calendars,
people, Andi and Jono, my brothers, our activities, dll
A duck swam in the pool. When I caught, it flapped its wings. (it /
its refers to A duck)
Budi’s mother sings with her friends. She looks happy. (She / her
refers to mother)
Yudi’s sister called him with his short name. (him / his refers to
Yudi)
There are some roses in the garden. They are blooming. (they refers
to roses)
Maria lost her money. This made her sad. (this refers to lost her
money)
Mimin sometimes cries in the night. I am often afraid of that. (that
refers to cries in the night)
The beach is now in disorder. We never go there anymore. (there
refers to the beach)
It is a sunny day. It refers to a sunny day
It’s you. It refers to you
It was Friday yesterday. It refers to Friday
There is a ball under the table. There refers to a ball.
It takes ten minutes to do the task. It refers to to do the
task
It is stupid to hide oneself mistakes. It refers to to hide
oneself mistakes
Cataphora (sth after)
Rujukan terhadap sesuatu yang akan disebutkan
kemudian/setelahnya). Kata-kata rujukannya seperti pada di table
di bawah)

It + be + N It refers to the Noun

It + modals + be + N
It + has + been + N
There is + N
There are + N
There will be + B
It refers to the Noun
It refers to the Noun
It refers to the Noun
It refers to the Noun
It refers to the Noun
 Contoh lain:

Easter Island is in the South Pacific. It is 3,700 kilometres from the coast of Chile. On the
island, there are 600 large statues. We don't know who built them but they were probably
constructed between 1150 and 1500. We don't really know why they are there. The
Norwegian explorer, Thor Heyerdahl, believed that they were built by people from South
America. To prove this, he made a simple raft and sailed there, all the way from Peru.

Pada baris pertama it merujuk pada Easter Island, yaitu sesuatu yang telah disebutkan
sebelumnya.

Pada baris kedua We merujuk pada kita, yaitu pembaca, sedangkan them merujuk pada
statues yaitu sesuatu yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya.
Jika kita artikan kalimatnya yaitu “Di pulau itu ada 600 patung besar. Kita tidak tahu siapa
yang membuat ‘mereka’ (patung-patung tersebut)” sehingga kata ganti them merujuk
pada statues (patung-patung).
 Pada baris keempat he merujuk pada Thor Heyerdahl yaitu penjelajah asal Norwegia.

Jika kita terjemahkan kalimatnya “Seorang penjelajah asal Norwegia, Thor Heyerdahl,
percaya bahwa patung-patung itu dibuat oleh orang-orang yang berasal dari Amerika
Selatan. Untuk membuktikan ini, ‘dia’ (si Thor Heyerdahl ) membuat sebuah rakit
dan berlayar sepanjang pulau itu.

• Sehingga jika kita simpulkan:

• It refers to Easter Island
• We refers to pembaca
• Them dan they refers to statues
• He refers to Thor Heyerdahl
That’s our fourth material on this online tutorial. You
can post your ideas or comments related to the
material in our forum discussion and don’t forget to
do the exercise of initiation 4.

Have a great study