How To Examine A Safety Shoe

How to
examine a
SAFETY SHOE
BASICS
• Ordinary footwear + safety features =
SAFETY FOOTWEAR (crude definition)
• Safety Features are due to technology &
Safety inserts like:
– Toe Cap [ Metal, Non Metal & Toe Puff ]
– Steel Mid Sole [ penetration resistant ] Hallmark
– Metatarsal protection of Safety
Shoe
– Steel Shank
www.rahman-group.com
Toe Cap
INSOLE
Steel Mid
Sole
Low Density
PU High density
PU
SOLE
COMPLEX
SAFETY FOOTWEAR STANDARDS
• Latest standard for in India is BIS 15298:2004.
• Composite standard which take care of almost every aspect of
safety footwear. Exact replica of EN 344.
• Never include too many standards while formulating
specification. They add confusion & may jeoparadize safety.
• More stringent than previous BIS which were multiple & pertain
to various articles that goes in making footwear.
• All big consumers like Railways, ONGC, NTPC, BHEL, IOC,
Reliance are following BIS 15298.
• Ensure best quality & weed out use of spurious footwear that
may compromise with safety.
• Get footwear tested from either CLRI/FDDI/SGS.
MARKING
• Marking on Footwear is clearly defined in BIS 15298
Part II on page 5.
• Only following can be marked on Footwear:
– Size & Date of Manufacturing
– Manufactures Identification & Type
– Country of Manufacture
– Number of International Standard ISO 8782-2
– Designation as provided in Table 3 pertaining to hazard it
offer to protect; P for Penetration Resistance; C for
Conductive; A for Antistatic; HI for heat insulation; CI for
Cold Insulation; HRO for resistance to heat contact; WRU
for Water Penetration
• No other marking has been specified.
Important
Does Footwear meet hazard profile
• Safety Footwear not to be treated as Uniform.
Its more than that. It protects workers from various
hazards like:
– PHYSICAL: Falling, Rolling & Sharp objects.
– ELECTRICAL: Electrical Hazard, Antistatic & Conductive
– CHEMICAL on Floor or as splash on footwear
– THERMAL: Heat & Cold
– SLIP
• While assessing, ensure footwear combat hazards
present in your working environment.
Safety Shoe Material
• UPPER
– Material used Leather or synthetics
– Leather [chemical Resistant (Acid/Alkali)/ Water Resistant]
– Leather used fully or partially [ substituted by synthetic]
– Thickness of the material [ ideal > 2mm]
– Lining: Leather, Cambrelle, synthetic or unlined
– Padded Collar
– Padded or unpadded in-sock Upper Design is important.
– Eyelet Holes [ smooth or barbed ] In case where there is lot of
liquid splashing on the upper,
– Workmanship & finish buy ankle boot with padded
collar, D rings instead of
eyelets & bellow tongue.
This is true for hot flying
objects like metal sparkles.
• SOLE
– Sole Material:
• PU; Natural or Nitrile Rubber;
× PVC
– Soling Process:
 Direct Injected or Vulcanised
× Stuck on Pouring Process
– PU SOLE
• Single Density
• Double Density (Both density of PU) DIRECT INJECTED
• Composite Sole (Outer Nitrile Inner PU )
• Stuck on (Use adhesive or & stitches to stick upper with sole)
• Pouring Process (Rubbery Consistency cannot offer double density)
– Sole Design
Direct Injected & Vulcanised Process ensure
– Workmanship & finish direct attachment of the soling material to
leather fibers for water tight very strong
bonding.
• SOLE DESIGN
– Open cleats so liquid cannot trap in between cleats
– Sand blasting & curved front & rear for more surface
– Ladder Tread for better grip on ladder rail
– Total Cleated area 70%: 45% in front & 25% in heel
– Cleat height minimum 4 mm
– Base on which cleats are attached minimum 4 mm
• SOLE OTHER PROPERTIES
– Resistant to hot contact 1500 C for PU & 3000 C for Nitrile Rubber
– Antistatic Electrical Resistance between 100kOhms-1000M Ohms
– Steel Mid Sole: Force to penetrate Nail not < 1100 Newtons
– Abrasion Resistance: Volume loss not > 250 mm3 (PU) 150 mm3 Rubber
– Resistant to Fuel Oil. TEAR Strength: > 30 Newtons
– Flexing Resistance. Cut growth not > 4 mm after 30000 flex
HOW TO DISTINGUISH DIRECT INJECTED FROM STUCK ON
LOOK FOR TRACES

OF ADHESIVE
HERE IN STUCK
ON
HOW TO DISTINGUISH DIRECT INJECTED FROM STUCK ON
MISSING VERTICAL LINE IN STUCK ON SOLE www.rahman-group.com

Remove In-sock & examine for
hapazard stitching & nails.
If found they indicate very poor
quality.
Stitching must not be confused with
interlock type of stitching seen all
around in case the insole is non
woven grey material commonly seen
in direct injected PU shoe.
Nails to affix Upper to sole can
threaten life in case of contact with
live wire.
Similarly stitching of the upper to sole
can result in seepage of liquid
through stitch holes.
How to differentiate Single with
Double Density PU direct injected sole
• CUT heel vertically by a very sharp knife &
see the cut surface: Double Density sole look
like:
Density 0.4 - 45
Density 1.0
How to differentiate Single with
Double Density PU direct injected sole
• CUT heel vertically by a very sharp knife & see
the cut surface.
• Single Density sole look like:
DENSITY 0.7
Slip Resistance is in Sole
• The larger the area of sole is in contact the better will be
slip resistance.
• The cleated area is defined in EN 345 & BIS 15298 standard
under 4.8.1.1.
• Minimum 70% of sole in length should be cleated as shown
below.
Slip Resistance is in Sole
• Softer sole offer better slip resistance.
• Sole hardness is measured in Shores.
• Deeper the cleats better will be slip resistance. Minimum height
of cleats is defined in EN 345/ BIS 15298 4.8.1.2.
MODIFICATION IN SOLE TO AVOID SLIPS DURING TOE &
HEEL STRIKE PHASE OF WALKING
Toe Off
Heel Strike
MODIFICATION IN SOLE TO AVOID SLIPS DURING
TOE & HEEL STRIKE PHASE OF WALKING
Another Sole Design
Round Edge for
better clean-
ability
Open Channels so
liquid cannot be
trapped in the
channels
Rounded
channels so that
dirt may not
accumulate at
corners. Provision to Wide Channels so
Wide Cleats
accommodate liquid cannot trap
www.rahman-group.com Ladder rail. here.
TOE CAP
IMPORTED
POWDER COATED
HEAT TREATED
RUST RESISTANT
SMOOTH EDGES
TESTED FOR 200 JOULES
MEET EN 344 & BIS 15298
ALL EN TOE CAPS ARE MARKED “EN 12568”
200 JOULES
TOE CAP POLYMER
POLYMER 30% LIGHTER
RUST RESISTANT
SMOOTH EDGES
TESTED For 200 JOULES
MEMORY (spring back)
BETTER Impact Tolerance
MEET EN 344 & BIS 15298
DOES NOT TRIGGER METAL
DETECTOR
IMPACT TESTING
MEASURE THICKNESS OF UPPER
LEATHER
THICKNESS SHOULD BE 1.8 MM or MORE
1.BOND TEST BETWEEN 4
UPPER & SOLE
2. ABRASION
RESISTANCE SOLE
3. FLEXING
RESISTANCE SOLE
SOLE TESTING
MINIMAL TEST
REQUIREMENT www.rahman-group.com
Minimum Test to be performed
as per BIS 15298
UPPER: SAFETY INSERT:
• Thickness Upper Leather • Impact Resistance
• Tear Strength • Penetration Resistance in case
• Tensile Properties steel mid sole is present
• Abrasion Resistance Lining
SOLE: SOLE & UPPER:

• Abrasion Resistance Outsole • Upper/ Outsole Bond Strength
• Flexing Resistance Outsole
• Resistance to Hot Contact
• Resistance to Fuel Oil There are many more test prescribed in
BIS 15298.
• Electrical Resistance
Get footwear tested at
Shoe Design & Development Centre

Adyar, Chennai 600 020
India
Tel: 91-44-24910897
91-44-24910846
Fax: 91-44-24912150
E-mail : clrim@vsnl.com
Contact : Dr R Rajaraman
E-mail : sddc@clrim.org
Phone: 91-44-24420589/ 2491386 extn. 319
Fax: 91-44-24911589
Lastly Wear shoe in actual working
condition for 15 days for experiencing
Comfort.
• Comfort of ultimate importance as shoe is to be used for 8 hours per
day.
• For a comfortable footwear it has to be anatomically correct to
accommodate & support bones of the foot & two arches. The major
feature of a comfortable footwear is:
– Heels no higher than 45 mm,
– Wide toe boxes that won’t cramp or restrict toes,
– Cushioned foot beds that conform to the shape of the foot,
– good arch support
– Quick sweat absorbing lining
– Materials that allow the foot to breathe.
• Uncomfortable footwear can cause arthritis (pain), bunions, corns,
callosities & hammertoes.
• Shoes should fit your feet, not make your feet fit the shoes.
• The real test is to use footwear for at least 15 days in actual working
condition.
Weight of Footwear
• Safety Footwear weight is the sum of the material used in making it.
• No standard including EN/ BIS15298/ US has specified weight.
• Weight reduction is possible only with compromising with material
• Heavier the PU sole shoe more comfortable its going to be.
• Which is more Comfortable: 5 CM or 20 cm thick rubber mattress.
• Naturally 20 CM thick & its going to be heavier than 5 CM.
• EN/BIS standard specification fixes minimum thickness of cleated sole as 8 MM.
If we adhere to this the shoe will be lighter but uncomfortable. For comfort we
need cushioned foot beds that conform to the shape of the foot & support our
arches.
• Double Density PU footwear uses a thick foot bed of low density PU to provide
cushioned feeling & comfort. It absorbs unevenness.
• The real test is to wear footwear before discarding on weight.
• Fire boots are as heavy as more than 3 Kg per pair & yet fireman runs.
DISCLAIMER
The recommendations & opinions contained herein are based
upon information from sources believed to be reliable.
However, this information may be incomplete or not

updated. There are numerous factors that can affect
performance of Safety Footwear which cannot be fully
accounted here in this brief presentation.
In case of any further clarification please contact us or CLRI/

FDDI. This should not be constituted as an offer to sell our
footwear. This is an effort to educate those who are
involved in buying a proper safety footwear.
For any further details please contact:
RAHMAN INDUSTRIES LTD
(formerly Rahman Exports (P) Ltd)
Largest Manufacturer & Exporter of Safety Shoes
707, Krishna Towers, 15/63, Civil Lines,
KANPUR 208001 UP INDIA
PH: 91+512+2331072
FAX: 91+512+2330601 & 2464357
MOB: 9336110112 & 09336811103
Representatives in Chennai (09445020994),
Bangalore ( 09844004668), Bhubneshwar,
Kolkata, Vadodara, Hyderabad & Mumbai
mktrepl@sancharnet.in & safetix@gmail.com

How To Examine A Safety Shoe

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How To Examine A Safety Shoe

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How to

LOOK FOR TRACES

MISSING VERTICAL LINE IN STUCK ON SOLE www.rahman-group.com

THICKNESS SHOULD BE 1.8 MM or MORE

SOLE: SOLE & UPPER:

Shoe Design & Development Centre

However, this information may be incomplete or not

In case of any further clarification please contact us or CLRI/

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