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Earth’s
crust -
inorganic
Vitalism and organic chemistry
Inorganic compounds were salts of the earth
Stable and easily synthesized
Organic compounds were of living organisms
Fragile and not easily synthesized
Belief in Vitalism posited that only living
organisms possessed a vital force necessary to
create organic compounds
In 1828 urea was synthesized and vitalism was
on the way out
Seven ages of man - many ages of a
carbon atom
Combustion: C + O2 CO2
Neutralization by seawater: CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
Reaction with acid rain: CaCO3 + H2SO4 CO2
Photosynthesis: CO2 Organic compounds (OC)
Vegetation decomposes: OC fossil fuels (FF)
Vegetation consumed by animal: OC new compounds
(proteins, DNA etc.)
Respiration: sugars CO2 + energy
Industrialization: FF C, CO2 + energy
Manufacturing: FF Plastics, polymers, drugs etc.
Waste disposal Fossil fuels, CO2
Two reasons why carbon is unique
Number of Type of
carbon compound
atoms
Numbers game: count the carbon
atoms in the chain
Saturation bonding:
Multiple bonds and unsaturation
Saturated: no more bonds can be added
Unsaturated: more bonds can be formed
More reactive compounds
Alkenes contain double bonds
Going bananas:
Ethylene and fruit ripening
Examples of alkynes
Isomerism
Same number and type of atoms
Different arrangements
Hydrocarbons can have straight and branched
chains
Isomers simplified
Alkane isomers
General formula CnH2n+1
Three isomers of pentane
C5H12