Unified Grid Operation

National
NLDC Level

5 Nos. ERLD WRLDC NRLDC SRLD NERLDC Regional

C C Level

32 State HQ
SLDC SLDC SLDC Level
Nos.

Group /
51 SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC
Nos. Distt Level

1160 Plant / Sub-

Nos. RTU RTU RTU Station Level
 Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region
DIRECTLY REPORTING
24 RTUs
RLDC,Bangalore
14 RTUs
CPCC SCC, Pondy

101 RTUs 30 RTUs 87 RTUs 64RTUs

Hyderabad Kalamassery Chennai Bangalore

Andhra Kerala Tamilnadu Karnataka

Hyderabad Kalam’erry Chennai Bangalore

Cuddapah Kannur Erode Lingusugur
Warangal Trivandrum Madurai Hubli
Vijayawada UNIFIED
UNIFIED
Communication Channel for Information flow

RLDC
Wide Band
Commn

SLDC SLDC
Wide Band
Commn
(MW / FO)
Sub-LDC Sub-LDC
Wide Band /
PLCC Commn
RTU RTU RTU
HINDUPUR

EXISTING MICROWAVE LINK

FINANCING

• World Bank Loan – 80 Million US $

• EIB Loan – 65 Million US $
• Internal Resources – Rs.132.57 Crores
• Bond – Rs 60.00 Crores
Packages under ULDC scheme
Sl No: Package Contractor Contract Value
1 EMS/SCADA System GE Harris, USA Rs. 148 Crores
2 Fibre Optic System PIRELLI, Italy Rs.100 Crores
3 Microwave System ALSTOM, Rs. 63 Crores
France
4 PLCC/PABX Puncom, Punjab Rs. 4 Crores
5 Auxiliary Power supply package TATA Rs.6 Crores
LIEBERT,
Mumbai
6 Control Centre Awarded separately by each
Facilities Constituent
renovation/construction
 COMPLEXITY OF MONITORING

Integrated
Opn
of Ten Power
Annual Inter- Utilities Generators –
Regional Hydro,
Energy Thermal,Gas/IP
Transfer 30,000 POINTS P
≈10,000MU Active Power, Reactive 422 nos.
Power,
Installed Voltage, Frequency, Transmission
Capacity Transformer Network
≈32800 MW Tap Position, Circuit 400/220kV
Breaker Position, ≈ 40700 Ckm
Isolator Position etc
Transformers Transformati
(220kV and on
above) Capacity ≈
480 nos. Dynamic 45000 MVA
Grid
Conditions
 Scan Cycles
• All the analog data are scanned every 10/12
seconds
• Status information are reported by exception
• All status information are scanned for integrity
check every 10 minutes
• The SOE datas are time stamped at 1 ms resolution
• Time synchronisation is done every 10 minutes
 SRLDC ARCHITECTURE

WORK WORK WORK WORK WORK

STATION STATION STATION STATION STATION
1 2 3 4 5
LAN 2
LAN 1
SLDC
ROUTER ROUTER
1 . 2 .
FEP1 FEP2

SCADA/ DATA BACKUP EMS EMS BACK UP

AGC SERVER SERVER SERVER SERVER EMS .
SERVER . . A B
RAID
RSCC, BANGALORE CONTROL CENTRE
WORK
STATIONS
WS01 WS02 WS03 WS04 WS05

DUAL LAN FRONT END

PROCESSORS
Switch WS06 WS07

DTS SYSTEM
AP-07 AP-08 FEP-1 FEP-2
DTS DTS
SERVER SERVER

APPLICATION
PROCESSOR

RAID PNA:POWER NETWORK ANALYSIS

COPS: COMPREHENSIVE

AP-01 AP-02 AP-03 AP-04 AP-05 AP-06 OPERATION PLANNING AND

SCHEDULING
ICCP: INTER CONTROL CENTRE
SCADA DATA BACKUP PNA/ICCP COPS BACKUP COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL
AGC SERVER SERVER SERVER SERVER RAID:- REDUNDANT ARRAY OF
SERVER INDEPENDENT DISKS
Energy Management Systems / (EMS)
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition Systems (SCADA)

HIERARCHICAL LEVEL

Regional LDC EMS/SCADA

State LDC EMS/SCADA

Sub-LDC SCADA

Remote Terminal Units RTU RTU RTU RTU RTU

 FUNCTIONS OF SCADA
• DATA ACQUISITION.
• PROCESSING OF ACQUIRED DATA.
• LIMIT / STATUS MONITORING & ALARMING.
• NETWORK STATUS PROCESSOR.
• SEQUENCE OF EVENT RECORDING.
• INFORMATION STORAGE & RETRIEVAL.
• DATA EXCHANGE
• SUPERVISORY CONTROL.
 EMS FUNCTIONS
•PRE DISPATCH FUNCTIONS
•REAL TIME DISPATCH FUNCTIONS
•REAL TIME NETWORK ANALYSIS
•POST DISPATCH FUNCTIONS
 PRE-DISPATCH FUNCTIONS
• LOAD FORECASTING
• HYDRO-THERMAL COORDINATION
• HYDRO SCHEDULING
• UNIT COMMITMENT
• INTERCHANGE SCHEDULING
• INTERCHANGE TRANSACTION
EVALUATION
• INFLOW FORECASTING
• CURRENT OPERATING PLAN
REAL TIME DISPATCH FUNCTIONS

• OPERATION MONITOR
• AUTOMATIC GENERATION CONTROL
• ECONOMIC DISPATCH
• RESERVE MONITOR
• LOAD SHEDDING SUPPORT
• PRODUCTION COST MONITORING
REAL-TIME NETWORK ANALYSIS
FUNCTIONS

• NETWORK TOPOLOGY
• BUS-LOAD FORECAST
• STATE ESTIMATION
• EXTERNAL MODEL
• LOSS SENSITIVITY
• REAL-TIME CONTINGENCY ANALYSIS
• OPTIMUM POWER FLOW
 POST-DISPATCH FUNCTIONS
• POST DISTURBANCE ANALYSIS
--DISTURBANCE DATA COLLECTION
--SEQUENCE OF EVENTS DATA
Implementation through –
Unified Approach
• Achieved co-ordinated and phased
implementation
• Established the facilities within same time frame
• Compatibility of equipment system
• Standardisation of Hardware and software with
resulting economy in cost
• Optimisation of maintenance/spares of
equipments