COMPOSITE CLIMATE

PRESENTED TO: PRESENTED BY:

AR. HARSHVARDHAN SHUKLA ROHIT BHATT
AR. MALVIKA SRIVASTAVA SUKHLEEN KAUR
B.ARCH IVth SEM
K.C.A.D. BLY.
LOCATION AND MAIN CITIES

• The composite zone

covers the central part of
COMPOSITE
CLIMATE
India. Some cities that
ZONE
experience this type of
climate are New Delhi,
Kanpur and Allahabad.
 CLIMATE DETAILS

• Summer temperature : 32-45 ºC (daytime),

27-32 ºC (night time)
• Winter temperature : 10-25 ºC (daytime),
4-10 ºC (night time)
• Precipitation : varies b/w 500–1300mm/year
• Relative humidity : 20–25% in dry periods
55–95% in wet periods.
 CLIMATE DETAILS

• Cloudy days:8-10 days in a month

• Clear skies:20-22 days in a month
• Average wind speed: 3-5 km/h
• The intensity of solar radiation is very high in summer with
diffuse radiation amounting to a small fraction of the total.
• In monsoons, the intensity is low with predominantly
diffuse radiation.
 CLIMATE DETAILS

• This region receives strong winds during monsoons from

the south-east and dry cold winds from the north-east.
• In summer, the winds are hot and dusty
• The sky is overcast and dull in the monsoon, clear in
winter and frequently hazy in summer.
• The presence of high humidity during monsoon months is
one of the reasons why places like New Delhi and Nagpur
are grouped under the composite and not hot and dry
climate.
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• ORIENTATION:
The orientation of the
houses should be such that,
penetration of the sun rays
maximum in winter and
minimum in summer. Proper
orientation also helps in
receiving natural light and
ventilation.
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• WATER BODIES:
Water absorbs relatively
large amounts of radiation. It
also allow evaporative
cooling. As a result, during the
daytime areas around water
bodies are generally cooler. At
night, however, water bodies
release relatively large
amounts of heat to the
surroundings and used for
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• WINDOW SHADES:
Window shades should cut
off sun in the summer but allow
the sun in the underheated
period. Further, the window
section should enhance air
velocity while still acting as
shade. This could be achieved
either by introducing a planter at
the window sill or else by adding
smaller shades at the glazing.
 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS
• PROJECTIONS:
Large projecting eaves and wide verandahs are
needed in composite climate as out-door living areas,
to reduce sky glare, keep out the rain and provide
shades.
 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• JALIS:
Jalis on the outer facade of the building helps in
cooling, shading and ventialtion.
 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• WALL THICKNESS:
Walls work as an insulator of heat so that they don't
allow heat to attack inside the building in summers and to
spread outside from the inside in winters. That is why
thickness of walls are provided more than usual at some
places.
 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• PLINTH:
High plinth is provided to prevent the rainwater for
coming inside the building.
 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• OPENINGS:
To reduce the humidity and for ventilation
openings (i.e. doors, windows, ventilators and
corridoors) are provided large in numbers.
 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• SIZE OF OPENINGS:
A small inlet opening with a large outlet provides the
largest air velocity. The best arrangement is full wall
openings on both the sides, with adjustable sashes or
closing devices which can assist in channeling the air flow
in the required direction, following the change of wind.
CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• POSITION OF OPENINGS:
In buildings air movement
must be ensured through the
space mostly used by
occupants; through the living
zone (up to 2m heigh).
 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• CONTROL OF OPENINGS:
A gap between the building face and canopy
would ensure a downward pressure,thus a flow is
directed into the living zones.
 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS
• VEGITATION:
Deciduous trees,creepers and vines provide shade
when needed and also allow the sun rays to penetrate
inside in the cool season when they loose their foliage.
 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• COURTYARD:
Courtyard should be deisgned in such a way
so as to allow sun penetration during the winter
months, but provides shading in the hot season.
 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• ROOF AND WALL INSULATION:

Placed at the outer surface of walls and roofs
and helps retain cool in summer heat in winter.
This can create a major impact on indoor thermal
comfort of the building.
 CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS

• ROOF POND:
THANK YOU!!