1.

1 BACKGROUND
 Electric table fan is one of the most common electric appliances
used in houses, offices, shops and business establishments to
provide air circulation and to cool down temperature.

 Fan circulates the air, which enhances the evaporation rate of sweet
from body, due to which body is cooled.

 Electric table fans are used to regulate interior temperatures.

 People commonly use them during hot and humid summer days to
increase air movement throughout a home.

 People commonly use them during hot and humid summer days to
increase air movement throughout a home.
 Con…
 A fan is a machine used to create air flow, typically a gas such as
air.

 Some electric fans are movable and can be put on a desk or on the
floor.

 Electric table fan is an efficient product for recycling plastic bottles

and turning them in to more useful objects.

 With a rise with global warming and increasing pollution levels, it

is becoming essential to find viable alternatives on recycling
plastics.
 con’d…
 The fans should be suitable for home/portable use.

 Electric fans made their first appearance in the 1880s.these early

fans were made primarily of brass.

 An electric table fan is a small, portable type of fan that is used in

various rooms of a home or office.

 It is more convenient compared to other types, like kitchen

exhaust, window and pedestal fans because of its portability.

 It serves a number of functions for home owners and office workers

such as conservation of energy compared to using air conditioners ,
removal of heat and unwanted fumes from indoor areas.
 1.2 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM
 Electric table fans have a limited market in HUMERA.

 We wish for electric table fan in their product range that would be
successful in Ethiopia.

 Because of the differences in culture we want someone who

understands the HUMERA market to design the product.

 Most we are in contradiction to HUMERA people, brought up with

a fan in their homes.

 We are interested in how the HUMERA people use a fan and what
needs and requirements they have.
 Cont...
 Location factors are crucial for the wealth maximization of the firm
and development of the fan in good quality.

 The following factors are mandatory to select when someone wants

to design electric table fan.

1. Availability of raw material: raw materials

2. Availability of power

3. Nearness to markets

4. Availability of labors
 cont’d…
 The following factors are mandatory to select when someone
wants to design electric table fan.

1. Availability of raw material: raw materials

2. Availability of power

3. Nearness to markets

4. Availability of labors
 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
• Plastic waste is one of the most problematic garbage of this
country.

• This study aims to give another solution in decreasing the volume

of plastic bottle waste. This study aims to answer these questions;

1.Would this be project be effective in solving waste

problems?

2. What benefits would this project bring?

3. Is the product of the project cost-effective? This project for

the purpose of finding out solutions on how to minimize plastic
wastes.
 Con…
• Our project constructs a simple circuit using plastic bottles,
turning them in to usable and efficient table fans.

• This project may help in the world’s problem on minimizing

plastic bottle wastes.
 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROJECT
General objective

 The main objective of this project is to provide design

improvements to the electric table fan from plastic wastes.
Specific objectives:
 To Reduce the amount of temperature or to cool down homes,
offices etc
 To Remove moisture and pollutants at their source is far more
effective than allowing them to dissipate over time.
 To Control moisture reduces the cause of many molds and protects
the finishes of your home.
 con’d…
 To Control odors and chemical by products reduces health hazards
that may be associated with these substances.

 To provide healthy atmosphere to animals and workers.

 To Removes bad odor from the houses.

 To Prevent spread of infections.

 To reuse the plastic wastes those are available in our environment.

 CH-2- LITERATURE REVIEW
 This provides an overview of previous studies related to the subject
of this project work.
 The industrial revolution in the late 19th century introduced belt-
driven fans powered by factory water wheels.
 Attaching wooden or metal blades to shafts over head that were
used to drive the machinery, the first industrial fans were
developed.
 One of the first workable mechanical fans was built by omar in
1832.
 He called his invention a kind of centrifugal fan, an “air pump”.
 Cont…
 Centrifugal fans were the industrial revolution in the late 19th
century introduced belt driven fans powered successfully tested
inside coal mines and factories in 1832-1834.

 When Thomas Edison and Nicola tesla introduced electrical power

in the late 19th and early 20th century for public, the personal
electrical fans was introduced.

 Between the years 1882 and 1886, new ore lean resident Schuyler
Wheeler invented the first electric fan.

 It was commercially marketed by the American firm Crocker and

Curtis electric motor company.
 Con’d…
 In 1882,Phillip Diehl introduced the electric table fan.

 “Plastic” word is generally being used as a common term for

mentioning the wide range of synthetic or semi synthetic materials
used and their range of applications.

 It is one of the most usable products now a day in this modern era.

 It play a very important vital role everywhere in our daily life.

 The term’ Plastic’ has derived from two Greek words ‘ Plastikos’
and‘ Plastos ’. Plastikos means ‘fit for molding’ and Plastos means
‘to remain molded’.
 Feature of plastic
 Now day, Different types of plastic have made our life much easier
in different ways than before and even day by day, people are
becoming dependent more and more on Plastics.
 Some of the main facts about plastics are;
 Plastic has high heat combustion
 Plastics are a very good abrasion resistance
 Plastic can remain without absorbing much moisture
 Plastics are available in the local community with attractive colors
 Plastics are not affected by insects or they do not undergo
corrosion, they can be molded in any Shape and are very light in
light.
 Plastics are very chip comparing to other products.
 Types of plastic wastes
• The types of the waste plastics are LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS, and PVC.
• The problems of waste plastics can‘t be solved by land filling or
incineration, because the safety deposits are expensive and
incineration stimulates the growing emission of harmful greenhouse
gases like COx, NOx, SOx and etc.

• Plastic wastes can also classified as industrial and municipal plastic

wastes according to their origins,

• Plastic wastes represent a considerable part of municipal wastes

furthermore huge amounts of plastic waste arise as a by-product or
faulty product in industry and agriculture.
 Con…
• The total plastic waste, over 78% weight of this total corresponds to
thermoplastics and the remaining to thermosets.

Municipal Plastic wastes: Municipal plastic wastes (MPW) normally remain

a part of municipal solid wastes as they are discarded and collected a
household wastes. The various sources of MPW plastics includes
domestic items (food containers, milk covers, water bottles, packaging
foam, disposable cups, plates, etc.

Industrial Plastic Wastes: Industrial plastic wastes are those arising from the
large plastics manufacturing, processing and packaging industry. The
industrial waste plastic mainly constitute plastics from construction and
demolition companies and electrical and electronic industries.
 Cont…
• Most of the industrial plastic waste has relatively well physical
characteristics i.e. they are sufficiently clean and free of contamination
and are available in fairly large quantities.
Previous studies related to using recycled plastic waste as
electric table fan
 In 1882, the first electric fan was invented by Dr.Schuyler wheeler.
 His first model consisted two blades and had no protective cage
surrounding the blades.
 There are three types of electric fan: axial flow fan, centrifugal fan,
cross flow or tangential fan. A table fan is an axial fan and of a
smaller size to have on a desk, table or other similar areas. . It is
portable and easy to carry everywhere.
 Reason’s for choosing plastic waste
• although plastic waste is not good for the environment and is
creating tons of trash around the world, it still plays a very
important role in our everyday life.

• In fact plastic waste is a very useful material that brings us

convenience and makes many things possible.

• One of the well known fact is its environment friendly and cheap
price. Except for some disadvantages plastic wastes are
surprisingly beneficial in different aspects for e.g. the electric table
fan. Plastic is also durable and strong. Due to the way the plastic
molecules arrange it can stay intact for a long time and are strong.
 MATERIALS AND METHADES
• Raw Materials: The production and development of any product
is not possible without raw materials. When raw materials are
collected then and only then production is possible.

 The materials were used in the experimental program include,

wire, dynamo (motor), battery, wood, switch, recycled plastic and
scissors.

Connecting wire: is the material that connects the motor (dynamo) to

the battery in order to oscillate the blades of the electric table fan.
Dynamo (the motor): a device that makes direct current electric
power during this project work. The table fan is driven by an
electronic motor.
 Con…
o Motor converts electrical energy into rotational mechanical energy,
this means that this dynamo is used as a major raw material to
rotate or oscillate the blades of the fan. in our project we were used
either 6v or 9v DC.
Battery: The battery used has a cycle voltage of 1.5 v.
• Current is supplied to the DC motor by the battery, which in turn
energizes the fan blade for clockwise rotation thereby producing
the desired cooling effect. The battery is used as a power source to
rotate the blades of the fan.
Plastic wastes: are used to make the fan blades (the rotating part of
the electric table fan). These are mainly the plastic bottles.
 Con…
Scissors or knifes: Scissors are cutting instruments consisting of a
pair of metal blades connected in such a way that the blades meet
and cut materials placed between them when the handles are
brought together. Scissors are hand-operated shearing tools.
Safety
 An electric table fan used in home environments needs to be as safe
as possible to not injure. The blades are critical components.
 Stick a finger near the rotating blades end they can be cut off.

 A fan can damage and it is therefore important the product look

safe. for example see the following.
 Preparation techniques of ETF
 collect of the all raw materials: some of the raw materials from
market and the other from our surrounding.
 Cut Plastic waste bottle at the center of the bottle: to prepare a
blade and discard the top portion.

. typically fans have three to eight blades.

 heat the blade of the fan: in order to strengthen or to harden
their strength and to give good rotation.
 Con…
 Choose the Voltage of Power Source: DC toy motor (dynamo) and the
batteries are used to match it as the power source for the electric fan.

 Build the Base and Stand: after the choosing of dynamo, the base or the stand
of the electric table fan is built together. Bases Supports the entire mechanism
of the electric table fan. These bases carries the overall materials of the
system. The base of the fan is made up of plastic material which is simple to
move from place to place.

 Prepare the wiring of electric table fan: remove the bottle cap from the fan
blades and pierce a hole through its center with a pair of scissors. This the
hole through which the pointed end of the toy motor is to pierce through.
 Cont…
 Insert the motor to cap: the dynamo is inserted to the holed cap of
the plastic bottle with its end.

 Insert the fan blades to the end of the dynamo which is entered to
the cap.

 Attach all parts: at the end of all process done the wires of the dc
motor is attached to the battery (i.e. one end of the wire to the
negative charge end of the battery and the other to the positive
charge of the battery) and by connecting the two end of the wire the
fan starts to rotate.
 Working principle of ETF
 The working of ETF is quite simple. These are the steps as follows:

 The table fan basically contains a single phase induction motor. This
is the main component of the electric fan.

 When the electrical current reaches the motor of the table fan it
immediately enters coils of wire which is wrapped around a base of
metal or a core. This current passes through the wire (the coiling),
there is a magnetic field generated which exerts force in a clockwise
direction and this is the process or the step that changes the
electric energy into mechanical energy using electromagnetism.

 This clockwise directional force causes the motor coils to spin.

 CON…
 As the coil spins, the table fan or rather it be a ceiling which is
usually the casing of the coil taps into this spinning motion, and
along with its blades this also rotates.
RESULT
1. Effect of increasing number of blades: volumetric flow rate is the
volume air coming down on a specified surface unit time.
Volumetric flow rate for different number of blades is different.
 The maximum value of volumetric flow rate is observed
maximum for six blades and minimum for less than six blades.
2. Effect of batteries: if the numbers of batteries are increased the
rotation of the blades also increased and the amount of air flow
also increase i.e. if a number of batteries is added in series to
the system the blades rotate rapidly.
3. Effect of dynamo: if we use higher voltage dc motor the rotation
of the blades increase and results high air flow.
 conclusion
 To conclude electric table fan can be applied in developing the
home automatic cooling system.
 ETF can be improving more because today, more and more
manufacturers are using electric table fans technology to improve
their productivity, to get free air during their work and reduce cost.
RECOMENDATION FOR FUTURE
 For the future project student may be able to make this
system more functional like connect the system with computer
OR using electricity instead of battery and others.