Principles of Anatomy

and Physiology

CHAPTER 1
An Introduction to the Human Body

Prof: Dayle Daniel Sorveto, RMT

 Introduction

The purpose of the chapter is to:

1. Introduce the disciplines of anatomy and physiology
2. Discuss the organization of the human body
3. Reveal shared properties of all living things
4. Discuss the concept of homeostasis
 Anatomy vs. Physiology
Anatomy is the study of structure whereas physiology
is the study of how body structures function
Levels of Structural Organization & Body Systems
Systems of the Human Body
Systems of the Human Body
Systems of the Human Body
Systems of the Human Body
Systems of the Human Body
Systems of the Human Body
 Clinical Connection: Noninvasive Diagnostic
Techniques
Palpation, auscultation, and percussion are
used to assess certain aspects of body
structure and function
Basic Life Processes

All living things have certain

characteristics that distinguish them from
nonliving things
Life processes in humans include
metabolism, responsiveness, movement,
growth, differentiation, and reproduction
Clinical Connection: Autopsy

 An autopsy is a postmortem examination

of the body and dissection of its internal
organs to confirm or determine cause of
death
 Homeostasis

Homeostasis is a condition of equilibrium,

or balance, in the body’s internal
environment
Homeostasis is maintained by regulatory
processes
 Homeostasis & Body Fluids

The survival of our body cells is dependent

on the precise regulation of the chemical
composition of their surrounding fluid
This fluid is known as extracellular fluid
 Homeostasis

Interactions Animation:
 Communication, Regulation, and Homeostas

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Control of Homeostasis
Control of Homeostasis:
Negative Feedback
Control of Homeostasis:
Positive Feedback
 Homeostatic Imbalances

When homeostasis is disrupted disease, disorder,

and even death may result
Basic Anatomical Terminology

Body positions
Regional names
Directional terms
Planes and sections
Body cavities
Body Positions

Anatomical position is a standardized

method of observing or imaging the body
that allows precise and consistent
anatomical reference
Person stands erect, facing the observer,
the upper extremities are places at the
sides, the palms of the hands are turned
forward, and the feet are flat on the floor
Regional Names
Regional names are names given to specific
regions of the body for reference
Directional Terms
Directional
terms are used
to precisely
locate one part
of the body
relative to
another
Planes & Sections

Planes are
imaginary flat
surfaces that are
used to divide the
body
Practicing Planes & Sections
 Body Cavities
Body cavities are spaces within the body that help
protect, separate, and support internal organs
 Thoracic Cavity Serous Membranes
The pericardium and pleura cover the heart and lungs,
respectively
Thoracic Cavity Serous Membranes
 Abdominal Cavity Serous Membrane
The peritoneum, covers many of the
abdominal organs
The visceral membrane covers the organs
The parietal layer lines the abdominal wall
Abdominopelvic Regions & Quadrants

 The abdominal cavity can be divided into 9

regions to easily describe the location of
organs
Medical Imaging

Medical imaging involves techniques that

allow physicians to view images of the
human body
This allows physicians to diagnose
anatomical and physiological
abnormalities
Medical Imaging Procedures
Medical Imaging Procedures
Medical Imaging Procedures
Medical Imaging Procedures
Medical Imaging Procedures
Medical Imaging Procedures