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SHELLS
– Curved structures
– Capable of transmitting loads in more than two directions to supports
– The ideal thin shell must be capable of developing both tension and compression.
SHELL STRUCTURES
– keep their shape and support loads, even without a frame, or solid mass material
inside
– use a thin, carefully shaped, outer layer of material, to provide their strength and
rigidity.
THIN SHELL STRUCTURES Lattice Shell Structures -
– Light weight constructions using shell elements Also called grid-shell structures Often in the form of a geodesic dome or a hyperboloid structure
– Typically curved elements
– Are assembled to large structures
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Fuselages of Aeroplanes Boat Hulls Roof Structures of some buildings Membrane Structures –
Fabric structures and other tensile structures, cable domes, and pneumatic structures
THICKNESS OF SHELLS
• The thickness of the slab elements are normally governed by the number of layers of reinforcing
bars.
• For shells of double curvature, there are usually only two layers.
CHOICE OF GEOMETRY
• A shell’s structural behaviour is derived directly from its form.
• Thus when designing a shell-like structure, the fundamental consideration is the choice of
geometry.
• This not only dictates the æsthetics, but the overall efficiency and behaviour under load of the
structural system.
The basis for curved geometry, as discussed by Williams, can be sculptural, geometric or defined by a
natural physical process.
THICKNESS
• It has a thickness smaller as compared to other dimensions
• Deformations in these dimensions are not large as compared to thickness
STRENGTH
• Its shape spreads forces throughout the whole structure
• Every part supports only a small part of the load, giving it its strength
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