INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL JUBAIL

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HANIN THARIQUE
XII B
 PHYSICS
PROECT FILE

YOUNGS DOUBLE SLIT AND

INTERFERENCE

HANIN THARIQUE
 TOPIC PAGE.NO
I N D E X CIRTIFICATE 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2
INTRODUCTION 3
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT 4
DESCRIPTION 5
BIBLIOGRAPHY 8

HANIN THARIQUE
 Certificat
e
It has been certified that HANIN THARIQUE studying in XII-B,
during the academic year 2018-2019 has completed the
project on the study of Youngs double slit and interfernce
and has given satisfactory account of this in his project
report.
Internal examiner External examiner

Signature Signature
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to Mr.NAUSHAD ALI, our

physics teacher, whose help and encouragement made this
project possible.

I would also like to thank my family who has given me the

resources and support for this project.

HANIN THARIQUE
XII- B

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 INTRODUCTION
-
Circles of equal sizes are drawn along an existing wavefront and their tangents are smoothed to form
the next predicted wavefront location. Christiaan Huygens understood the basic idea of how light
propagates and how to predict its path through a physical apparatus. He understood a light source to
emit a series of waves comparable to the way that water waves spread out from something like a
bobber that is jiggled up and down as it floats on the water surface. He said that the way to predict
where the next wave front will be found is to generate a series of concentric circles on a sufficiently
large number of points on a known wave front and• then draw a curve that will pass tangent to all the
resulting circles out in front of the known wave front. The diagram given here shows what happens
when a flat wave front is extended in this manner, and what happens when a curved wave front is
extended in the same way. Augustin Fresnel (1788-1827) based his proof that the wave nature of light
does not contradict the observed fact that light propagates in a straight line in homogeneous media
on Huygens' work, and also based himself on Huygens' ideas to give a complete account of diffraction
and interference phenomena known at his time. See the article Huygens–Fresnel principle for more
information.

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 In the basic version of this experiment, a coherent light source, such
as a laser beam, illuminates a plate pierced by two parallel slits, and
the light passing through the slits is observed on a screen behind
the plate.
The wave nature of light causes the light waves passing through the
two slits to interfere, producing bright and dark bands on the screen
— a result that would not be expected if light consisted of classical
particles.
However, the light is always found to be absorbed at the screen at
OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT discrete points, as individual particles (not waves), the interference
pattern appearing via the varying density of these particle hits on
the screen.
Furthermore, versions of the experiment that include detectors at
the slits find that each detected photon passes through one slit (as
would a classical particle), and not through both slits (as would a
wave).
However, such experiments demonstrate that particles do not form
the interference pattern if one detects which slit they pass through.
These results demonstrate the principle of wave–particle duality

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 D E S C R I P T I ON
 AIM
• Explain the phenomena of interference.
• Define constructive interference for a double slit and destructive
interference for a double slit.

 P R O C E D U R E AND O B S E R V A T I O N

To understand the double slit interference pattern, we consider how two waves travel
from the slits to the screen, as illustrated in . Each slit is a different distance from a
given point on the screen. Thus different numbers of wavelengths fit into each path.
Waves start out from the slits in phase (crest to crest), but they may end up out of
phase (crest to trough) at the screen if the paths differ in length by half a
wavelength.
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 DESCRIPTION
If the paths differ by a whole wavelength, then the waves arrive in
phase (crest to crest) at the screen, interfering constructively as
shown in. More generally, if the paths taken by the two waves differ by
any half-integral number of wavelengths [(1/2)lambda, (3/2)lambda,
(5/2)lambda, etc.], then destructive interference occurs. Similarly, if
the paths taken by the two waves differ by any integral number of
wavelengths (lambda, 2\lambda, 3\lambda, etc.), then constructive
interference occurs

Waves follow different paths from the slits to a common

point on a screen. (a) Destructive interference occurs
here, because one path is a half wavelength longer than
the other. The waves start in phase but arrive out of
phase. (b) Constructive interference occurs here because
one path is a whole wavelength longer than the other. The
waves start out and arrive in phase. 6
 DESCRIPTION
shows how to determine the path length difference for waves traveling from two slits
to a common point on a screen. If the screen is a large distance away compared with
the distance between the slits, then the angle \theta between the path and a line from
the slits to the screen (see the figure) is nearly the same for each path. The
difference between the paths is shown in the figure; simple trigonometry shows it to
theta, where d is the distance between the slits. To obtain constructive interference
for a double slit.

 SUMMARY
• Young’s double slit experiment gave definitive proof of the wave character of light.
• An interference pattern is obtained by the superposition of light from two slits.

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• NCERT PHYSICS-XII
• Comprehensive Practical PHYSICS-XII
• www.scribd.com BIBLIOGRAPHY
• www.google.com
• Wikipedia

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