WAWANCARA

MENDALAM

Fenny Etrawati, SKM, MKM

 Wawancara  tanya jawab
dengan maksud memperoleh
data untuk keperluan tertentu

Pewawancara
(Interviewer)
Wawancara
Syarat wawancara

Yang diwawancarai
(Narasumber)
SIFAT WAWANCARA

On the record
Off the record

Background
Deep Background
Type WAWANCARA

1. Structured
2. Semi structured
SEMI STRUCTURED
INTERVIEW
– informal and conversatational
– the aim is to get the informant open up
and let them express themselves in their
own terms
– the key of successful is learning how to
probe effectively
– this can be used builds well in
observations
 STRUCTURED
INTERVIEW

- used interview guides

- the guides is a set of clear instructions
concerning the main questions to be asked
or topic to be probed
- however the exact order and wording of
the question may very from informan to
informan
Penggunaan
Indepth Interview

1. life history
2. key informan interview
3. interview with someone
individually
Kekurangan
Indepth Interview
what the people said and what the
people do is different

the limitation of information

what the people said and what the

people do different in different
situation
REKAMAN AUDIO

KELEBIHAN
Akurat
Pewawancara Bebas
Kontak Mata
Didengar Ulang
KEKURANGAN
Narasumber≠bebas
Sulit rekam hal penting
Biaya
REKAMAN CATATAN

KELEBIHAN
Penanya waspada/siaga
Menambah ingatan
Fokus hal penting
Simbol ketertarikan
KEKURANGAN
Hilang eye contact
Hilang rentetan percakapan
Fokus pd fakta (-) perasaan
Metode Memilih Informan

1. snowbolling
2. personal contact
3. approach to the institution

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Probes are devices used to prompt an
PROBING
informant to speak further when an initial
question fails to elicit the desired
Information
Example
elaboration, clarification,
repeat informant answers,
show that the informan answer
understandanable, silent probe,
repeat the question
 INTERVIEW AND CONVERSATION
TECHNIQUE
• when the subject is not at home converse
with other member of family
• respect to the confidentially of the
informant and not to comment about persons
interviewed
• do not influence or bias response
• Do not influence a question by introducing
your attitudes and behavior
• try to work in as much depth possible
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INTERVIEW AND CONVERSATION
TECHNIQUE
don’t answered a question asked by informan
be patient, create pause to allow time for
you and informan to think
do not interrupt an informant’s works
be familiar with the data collection
instrument
always be truthful about the purpose of the
interview
used moderated friendly, tone of voice, be
natural
LANGKAH PERSIAPAN WAWANCARA
Menetapkan Tujuan

Memilih informasi/data sesuai tujuan

Menentukan Narasumber

Menghubungi Narasumber

Menyusun pokok-pokok pertanyaan

 JENIS-JENIS PERTANYAAN

Pertanyaan Terbuka Pertanyaan Tertutup

(Open-Ended) (Close-Ended)
 Kebebasan
menjawab
Ditandai
Pertanyaan dengan
Terbuka 5W+1H
 Membatasi
jawaban
Pertanyaan
Tertutup
Pola jawaban
dikotomus/
satu pilihan
tertentu
 Struktur Wawancara

Piramyd Funnel Diamond

• Awal: CQ •Awal: OQ • Awal: CQ
• Akhir: OQ •Akhir: CQ • Tengah: OQ
• Akhir: CQ
Kelebihan Wawancara

Moti Obser Konfir

probing
vasi vasi masi

Waktu
Skill
Tergantung kondisi
Bias informasi
Kekurangan
Wawancara
 Rekaman Audio

Rekaman Izin narasumber

Wawancara

Rekaman Catatan (Field

Note)
 1. day and duration of
interview
2. description the place and
the process of inteview
FIELD 3. note the brief finding and
NOTE write the key words
4. write the expanded field
notes as soon as possible
 Sebelum melakukan
wawancara

Persiapan tempat wawancara

Kontak narasumber
Siapkan topik wawancara
Berbusana sesuai
Datang lebih awal
 Sikap
Pewawancara

Bersahabat/
Bahasa Santai
Santai

Mendengar Netral

Menghargai
Memulai wawancara
Berjabat tangan

Sebutkan nama
dan tujuan Anda

Ambil buku catatan,

tape recorder

Pastikan tape recorder bekerja

dengan baik
 - introducing the name of
interviewer and note takers
- the objective of the study
- to keep secret informant
name
OPENING
INTEVIEW - asked permission for taking
notes and records the
conversation
- mention the duration of
interview
- inform consent
Pertanyaan Pembuka

 Pertanyaan terbuka
 Simak
 Lihat respon
 Selama
wawancara

≠ > 45 menit - 1 jam

Pahami informasi interviewee
Pertanyaan kemungkinan
MENUTUP WAWANCARA

 Konfirmasi tambahan opini

 Simpulkan
 Ucapkan terima kasih dan
berjabat tanganlaah
Laporan Wawancara

Buat laporan segera

Buat pokok2
kesimpulan
Review laporan
dengan responden
 Tips on how to conduct
 The “Dos” an indepth interview
 Begin interview with a friendly and familiar greeting
 Listen with situation to capture every piece of information from
informant
 Explore key words ,phrases,idioms,terms as they occur in the
discussion
 Listen the impression ,topics avoided by informant, deliberate the
distortions or misunderstanding.Take prompt action to explore each of
these
 Ensure a natural flow of discussion by guiding informant from one topic
to the next
 Play dumb(be silent) to give the informant plenty room to talk
31 Be open to unexpected information
 ‘The Don’ts’

 Influence or bias responses by introducing one’s

own perceptions or asking leading questions
which encourage a particular response
 Move too quickly from one topic to the next
 Interrupt the informant
 Do not mislead about the subject matter in order
to obtain information

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