WATER FLUORIDATION

April Joy Calmada

Andrew Dela Cruz
Paul Asi Hitalia
Caesar Ean Imperial
INTRODUCTION

 Tooth decay (dental caries) is one of

the most prevalent chronic
diseases worldwide.
 It remains a major public
health concern in
most industrialized countries,
affecting 60–90% of schoolchildren
and the vast majority of adults.
WHAT IS WATER FLUORIDATION

 The controlled addition of fluoride to a

public water supply to reduce tooth
decay
 Fluoridated water operated on tooth
surfaces:in the mouth, it creates low
levels of fluoride in saliva, which
reduces the rate at which tooth
enamel demineralizes and increases the
rate at which it remineralizes in the
early stages of cavities.
IMPLEMENTATION

 It is normally accomplished by adding one of the

three compunds to the water:
a) Sodium Fluoride
b) Fluorosilicic Acid; or
c) Sodium Fluorosilicate

 Fluoridated compunds are typically added to

drinking water
PROS AND CONS

Pros
 Prevents tooth decay
 Protects all ages against cavities
 Safe and Effective
 Saves money
Cons
 Fluoridation is a bad medical
practice
 Swallowing fluoride provides no
benefit
 Children are over exposed to
fluoride
 Evidence of harm to tissues
 No Margin of Safety
PH CORRECTION
INTRODUCTION
 The pH value of water determines whether water alkaline or
acidic.
 Should be between 6.5 – 9.5. 7 is neutral
 Water with a lower value than 6.5 is considered acidic & can
be corrosive.
 With a low level pH in water, it is likely to;
* Leach metals from pipes and fixtures, such as copper, iron,
lead, manganese & zinc.
* Cause damage to metal pipes.
* Cause a metallic or sour taste.
* Can effect Hair Colour (Highlights to turn green).
* Cause Blue-Green stains on sinks and drains
HOW TO RAISE THE PH LEVEL OF WATER

 Run the water through a vessel containing a bed of

specially activated limestone.
 This is a mixture of calcium and magnesium salts, which
are the salts found in waters of pH greater than 7.0.
 This limestone gradually dissolves increasing the pH level
of the water.
 As the limestone dissolves, it will need refilling
periodically.
RAISING THE PH LEVEL OF DRINKING
WATER
 Drinking water should have a pH value of seven or close to it.
 Low pH levels in drinking water can be corrected with specific
methods.
a) Water Distiller - distiller heats the drinking water to remove
the unwanted acidic particles and condenses the steam to
form water free form acidic components.
b) Neutralizing Filter - These filters are equipped with calcite,
limestone or magnesia minerals that release calculated
amounts of calcium or magnesium in the water system to
ensure an increase in pH from acidic levels to neutral or
alkaline levels.
RAISING THE PH LEVEL OF DRINKING
WATER, cont’d…
c) Neutralizing Solution - For removing acidic pH levels in
large quantities of water, a neutralizing solution of soda
carbonate in water can be fed to the water system.
Sodium carbonate can increase the pH to eight, if
required.
d) Water Ionizer - A water ionizer separates the alkaline and
the acidic parts of water through electrolysis. The alkaline
part of water is used for drinking purposes, while the
acidic part can be used for washing and other sanitary
purposes.