Prerequisite Concepts for the

Topic “Periodic Table”

Element
-is the simplest form of matter.

Periodic Table
Prerequisite Concepts: Periodic Table

Substances Mixtures
Made up of one matter, Made up of several
thus the composition is the substances that are not
same throughout chemically bonded

Chemical and physical Chemical and physical

properties are constant properties may vary

Can be categorized as gas, Categorized as

liquid and solid homogeneous and
heterogeneous
Examples: pure water,
hydrogen gas, gold Examples: sand and sugar,
oil and water, air
Prerequisite Concepts: Periodic Table
• Categories
– Uniform appearance
(homogeneous mixtures)
examples salt, seawater, air,
blood
–Non-uniform appearance
(heterogeneous mixtures)
examples chocolate chip
cookies, pizza, rocks)
Prerequisite Concepts: Periodic Table

Matter

Uniform Non-uniform
(Homogeneous) (heterogeneous)
Prerequisite Concepts for the
Topic “Periodic Table”
Reasons why we need to
ELEMENTS know these first:

properties
Periodic Table shows us
how the ELEMENTS are
arranged.

The arrangement is
based on the similarities
in the PROPERTIES of
elements.
 Prerequisite Concepts for the Topic
“Periodic Table”
ELEMENTS compounds mixtures product labels

Needed background to understand

ELEMENTS:
Product labels – most familiar to the
students
Commonly used products at home are
mixtures of different substances.
Mixtures are usually composed of more
than one compound.
Compounds are made up of more than
 Activity 2:
Product Labels and
its Components
 Activity 2: Product Labels and its
Components
Objectives:

At the end of the activity, the

participants should be able to:

1. Identify the compounds found on

the product label
2. Identify the elements in the
compounds
 Activity 2: Product Labels and its
Components
Materials

5 product labels
manila paper
pentel pen
 Activity 2: Product Labels and its
Components
• Procedures

1. Identify one compound in the

list of ingredients on the product
label.
2. Write the chemical formula of
the compound.
3. Identify the elements in the
compound.
Activity 2: Product Labels and its
Components
Name of Name of Chemical Elements in
Product Compound Formula of the Compound
Compound
 Prerequisite Concepts for the
Topic “Periodic Table”
Example:
ELEMENTS compounds mixtures product labels

H2O
(water)

C12H22O11
(sucrose)
 Prerequisite Concepts for the
Topic “Periodic Table”
These are needed
properties: physical and chemical in:
luster reactivity -the discussion of
malleability
ductility
the arrangement
conductivity of elements in the
periodic table .
-the discussion of
metals vs non-metals vs semi-metals
metallic property.

These were
taught in:
Grade 3 and 5
 Prerequisite Concepts for the Topic
“Periodic Table”
Physical property
- can be observed or
measured without changing
the composition

Chemical property
-can be observed or
measured only if there is a
change in the composition of
a substance
A. Conductivity
A. Conductivity
B. Malleability
A. Conductivity
B. Malleability

c. Ductility
A. Conductivity
B. Malleability

c. Ductility
d. Luster
 Prerequisite Concepts for the
Topic “Periodic Table”
Physical properties:
a. malleability
-ability to deform when
an amount of stress is
applied
- Metals have the ability
to withstand hammering
and can be made into
thin sheets
-metals are malleable
while non-metals are not
A. Conductivity
A. Conductivity
B. Malleability
A. Conductivity
B. Malleability

c. Ductility
A. Conductivity
B. Malleability

c. Ductility
d. Luster
A. Conductivity
B. Malleability

c. Ductility
d. Luster
 Prerequisite Concepts for the
Topic “Periodic Table”
Physical properties:
b. Luster
-describes the way the
substance react to light Silver bar
-Metals have the quality of
reflecting light from its
surface and can be polished
- metals are lustrous (reflects
light/shiny) while non-metals
charcoal
are non-lustrous
A. Conductivity
A. Conductivity
B. Reactivity
A. Conductivity
B. Reactivity

c. Ductility
A. Conductivity
B. Reactivity

c. Ductility
d. Luster
 Prerequisite Concepts for the
Topic “Periodic Table”
Physical properties:
c. ductility
- ability to be drawn
into thin wire

- metals are ductile

while non-metals are
not
A. Conductivity
A. Conductivity
B. Reactivity
A. Conductivity
B. Reactivity

c. Ductility
A. Conductivity
B. Reactivity

c. Ductility
d. Luster
 Prerequisite Concepts for the
Topic “Periodic Table”
Physical properties:
d. conductivity
(electrical)
-ability to allow
passage of electricity

-metals are good

conductors of
electricity while non-
metals are insulators
A. Conductivity
A. Conductivity
B. Reactivity
A. Conductivity
B. Reactivity

c. Ductility
A. Conductivity
B. Reactivity

c. Ductility
d. Luster
 Prerequisite Concepts for the
Topic “Periodic Table”
Chemical
properties:

Reactivity
- ability of the
substance to react
with another zinc reacting
with HCl
substance
 Periodic Table
Learners also need to use the
periodic table to predict the
chemical behaviour of an element
with emphasis on
3.1 Development of the
Periodic Table
3.2 Arrangement of elements
3.3 Reactive and nonreactive
metals
Activity 4: Build Me
Up!
 Precautionary Measures
• Read the instructions
with understanding
• Work collaboratively
with your group mates
• CLAYGO
 Activity 4: Build Me Up!
Materials:

• Meta cards (fictitious

elements, different colors)
• Manila paper
• Masking tape
Activity in Focus: Build Me Up!
Procedure:
• Participants will be given a set of
meta cards of a fictitious element
(see sample below)
11 12 13 14 15
Xyz J Jj Ab Kol
32.15 37.43 41.23 18.2 16

16 17 18 19 20
Bal Zoo Hal Ph Du
56.89 70.43 25.0 89.54 100.27
Activity in Focus: Build Me Up!
Procedure:

• Participants will be asked to

build their own periodic table
based on your own set of
criteria. The meta cards can
be posted on the Manila paper
for presentation.
 Guide Questions
• What is your basis for
building/creating your
periodic table?

• What process skills are

developed during the
activity?
 Essential Question

• What do you think is the

basis for arranging the
elements in the modern
periodic table?
 Worksheet 1: Historical
Development of the Periodic Table
Directions: Fill in the information needed in the
table below.
Name of the Basis for the
Scientist development of
Demerits
developed the his periodic
periodic table table
 Guide Questions on the Video
Presentation: History of the Periodic Table
• What basis did Dobereiner use in
developing his periodic table?
Newlands’? Mendeleev’s?
• What were the demerits in
Dobereiner’s periodic table?
Newlands’ and Mendeleev?
• According to Mendeleev, what do
you call the horizontal rows in the
periodic table? What about the
vertical columns?
HistoricalDevelopment
of Periodic Table
 Discussthe answers to the
3 Guide questions after
viewing the video
(Worksheet 1).
 Key Concepts
• The periodic table of elements
arranges all the known chemical
elements in an informative array.

• Elements are arranged from left

to right and top to bottom in the
order of increasing atomic
number.
 Key Concepts
• The horizontal
rows in the
periodic table is
called period or
series

• The vertical
columns are the
groups or https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=rows+and+columns+in+th
e+periodic+table&rlz

families.
Complete the sentences – periodic table.
 Prerequisite Concepts for the
Topic “Periodic Table”
Atom
-basic unit of an element
-composed of three
subatomic particles:

a)neutron inside the

nucleus
b)proton
c)electron outside the
nucleus
 Atomic number is also
the number of protons in
an atom.
 The number of protons
identifies the element.
 The average number of
neutrons for an element
can be found by
subtracting the number
of protons (atomic
number) from the atomic
mass. https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=carbon+proton&rl
 Activity 5. Count Me in!
• Materials

– Worksheet
– Manila paper
– Pentel pen
 Activity 5. Count Me in!
Objectives:
– At the end of the activity the
participants should be able to:
• Determine the number of protons,
neutrons and electrons in an atom.

Take note:
Atomic number = number of protons =
number of electrons
• Mass number = number of protons +
number of neutrons
 Table 1. Atomic Structure
Worksheet
Element Symbol Atomic Mass Protons Neutrons Electrons
Number Number

Iron 26 56
Bromine 35 35
Iodine 127 53
Sulfur 16 32
Nitrogen 14 7
Oxygen 16 8
Lead 82 82
 Tableto1.Table
Answer Atomic Structure
1. Atomic Structure
Worksheet
Worksheet
Element Symbol Atomic Mass Protons Neutrons Electrons
Number Number

Iron Fe 26 56 26 30 26
Bromine Br 35 80 35 45 35
Iodine I 53 127 53 74 53
Sulfur S 16 32 16 16 16
Nitrogen N 7 14 7 7 7
Oxygen O 8 16 8 8 8
Lead Pb 82 207 82 125 82
 Activity 5. Count Me in!

• Guide Question

How do you determine the

number of neutrons in a
neutral atom?
Prerequisite Concepts for the
Topic “Periodic Table”

A= p+ + no
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=mass+number+and+atomic+number&rlz=1C1AVNE_
Key Concepts: Essential information
about the Periodic Table

Atomic symbol: The

atomic symbol (or
element symbol) is
an abbreviation
chosen to represent
an element.
https://www.google.com.ph/search
?q=carbon+atomic+symbol&rlz
Key Concepts: Essential information
about the Periodic Table
Standard Notation

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=correct+notat
ion+of+elements+with+mass+number+and+atomic+
number&rlz=
 Prerequisite Concepts for the
topic Periodic Table
atomic number
lose cation
atomic charge
gain anion
neutron proton electron
symbol no p+ e-
charge 0 +1 -1 reactivity
mass 1.675 x 10-24 1.672 x 10-24 9.109 x 10-28

atomic mass
Cations and
anions are both
ions.

An ion is an atom
or molecule that
has a non-zero net
electrical charge.
http://stcolumbas.fireflycloud.net/chemistry/form-
iv-
Positive ions
are called
cations while
negative ions
are called
anions. http://stcolumbas.fireflycloud.net/chemistry/form-
iv-
Spelling with symbols activity
Write down the symbols for each element listed and use
these to spell out a word that matches the clue.
1. Board game: carbon, helium, two
sulphurs

2. Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen

3. Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium

4. Group of fish: sulphur, hydrogen,

oxygen, aluminium

5. For the rubbish: boron, iodine,

nitrogen
Spelling with symbols activity
Write down the symbols for each element listed and use
these to spell out a word that matches the clue.
1. Board game: carbon, helium, two CHeSS
sulphurs

2. Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen

3. Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium

4. Group of fish: sulphur, hydrogen,

oxygen, aluminium

5. For the rubbish: boron, iodine,

nitrogen
Spelling with symbols activity
Write down the symbols for each element listed and use
these to spell out a word that matches the clue.
1. Board game: carbon, helium, two CHeSS
sulphurs

2. Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen

SON
3. Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium

4. Group of fish: sulphur, hydrogen,

oxygen, aluminium

5. For the rubbish: boron, iodine,

nitrogen
Spelling with symbols activity
Write down the symbols for each element listed and use
these to spell out a word that matches the clue.
1. Board game: carbon, helium, two CHeSS
sulphurs

2. Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen

SON
3. Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium
COAl
4. Group of fish: sulphur, hydrogen,
oxygen, aluminium

5. For the rubbish: boron, iodine,

nitrogen
Spelling with symbols activity
Write down the symbols for each element listed and use
these to spell out a word that matches the clue.
1. Board game: carbon, helium, two CHeSS
sulphurs

2. Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen

SON
3. Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium
COAl
4. Group of fish: sulphur, hydrogen,
oxygen, aluminium SHOAl

5. For the rubbish: boron, iodine,

nitrogen
Spelling with symbols activity
Write down the symbols for each element listed and use
these to spell out a word that matches the clue.
1. Board game: carbon, helium, two CHeSS
sulphurs

2. Relative: sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen

SON
3. Fuel: carbon, oxygen, aluminium
COAl
4. Group of fish: sulphur, hydrogen,
oxygen, aluminium SHOAl

5. For the rubbish: boron, iodine, BIN

nitrogen
Chemical symbols game
The Story of ‘The Kid’
 Activity 6: TRENDY
Materials:
• meta cards
• Manila paper, pentel pen
• Masking tape
 Activity 6: TRENDY
Activity 4: TRENDY!
Procedure:
• Write a box found in Figure 8.7 into
the meta cards using the guide in the
worksheet provided.

• Study the information in the squares

and the clues below. Locate the
proper position of the elements in
Table 8.4.
 Clues:
• The following sets of elements belong
together in groups but not in order: ZRD,
PSIF, JXBE, LHT, QKA, WOV, GUN, YMC.

• Z has an atomic number of 5.

• P has 3 protons.
• J is a noble gas with an atomic number 12
times that of P.
• L belongs to family IIA (Group 2).
• Q is a non metal having 16 electrons.
 Continuation of the Clues:
• W is the only liquid non metal at room
temperature.
• G is a metalloid with atomic number 32.
• Y belongs to family VA (Group 15).
• S is a metal which produces a yellow flame.
• B is a noble gas with an atomic number 2
times of Z.
• T has an atomic mass which is more than
that of H.
• D has an atomic number one more that of T.
• N has 14 protons.
 Continuation of the Clues:
• I is an alkali metal with an atomic number
of 19.
• R is a metal that has the same property of D.
• F is a gas.
• X has an atomic number one higher than F.
• E is a noble gas.
• O is a non metal which combines easily with
a certain metal to form table salt.
• U has a total of 6 electrons.
• C has a total of 15 electrons in its neutral
state.
 Guide meta card

Atomic Symbol
Number
Code
letter

Atomic Electronegativity
Size
 Activity 6: TRENDY!
Procedure:
• Examine your work closely. Check if your
letter codes are properly arranged
according to the clues given.
• Paste the squares in place on Table 8.4.
Ask your teacher to check your work.
• Using your corrected periodic table,
supply the atomic number and symbol of
the element in the spaces provided on
each picture.
__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

A B C D E F G H
0.066 3.4 0.160 --- 0.115 2.2 0.122 1.8 0.191 --- 0.053 2.2 0.123 2.0 0.111 1.6

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

I J K L M N O P
0.227 0.82 0.198 --- 0.066 2.6 0.197 1.0 0.070 3.0 0.117 1.9 0.099 3.2 0.152 ---

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

Q R S T U V W X
0.104 2.6 0.143 1.6 0.192 0.93 0.066 3.4 0.077 2.5 0.072 4.9 0.111 3.0 0.122 ---

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __

Y Z __ __ __ __ __ __
0.125 2.2 0.083 1.8
Answer to the TRENDY:
 Prerequisite Content:
Trends in the Periodic Table
Bohr’s Model
 Prerequisite Content:
Trends in the Periodic Table
Valence electrons – outermost electrons

Group 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
(New )
Group IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA
(Old)

Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Number of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Valence
electrons
 Prerequisite Content:
Trends in the Periodic Table
Octet Rule – states that elements gain or lose
electrons to attain an electron configuration of
the nearest noble gas, to become stable.
 Prerequisite Content:
Trends in the Periodic Table
Octet Rule – states that elements gain or lose
electrons to attain an electron configuration of
the nearest noble gas, to become stable.

Group (New ) 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18

Group (Old) IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIII

A
Element Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Number of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Valence
electrons
Loses Loses Loses Loses Gain Gains Gain n/a
Lose or gain (stable
 Trends in the Periodic Table
• Groups/ Family
• Period
• Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids
• Reactivity
• Atomic Radius / Atomic Size
• Metallic Property
Trends in the Periodic Table

Groups/ Family
 Trends in the Periodic Table

Do Worksheet 2:
Identifying Group
names in the
Periodic Table
Hydrogen – is not part
of the Alkali metals
Alkali
metals
Alkaline
earth
metals
Transition
metals
 Transition
metals

Representative elements
– not highlighted
Boron
Group
Carbon
Group
Nitrogen
Group
Oxygen
Group
Halogens
Noble
Gases
Inner
Transition
Metals

Lanthanides
Actinides
 Rows of elements
Trends in the Periodic Table
What are rows of elements called?
periods

2
3
4
5
6
7

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 Trends in the Periodic Table

Metals, Nonmetals,
Metalloids
 Metal or non-metal?
Is this element a metal or a non-metal ?

Hard to
say!

H
He
Li Be iron
antimony
iodine (I)
copper (Fe)
(Sb)
(Cu) B C N O F Ne
phosphorus (P)
sulfur (S)(Mg)
magnesium
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ? ?

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 Metals and non-metals in the periodic table
The periodic table is a list of all the known elements which
are arranged according to the similarities in their properties.
Metals are on the Non-metals are
left and in the centre. mostly on the right.

Xe

What type of elements are between metals and non-

metals?
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 Types of elements in the periodic
table

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 Metal, non-metal or metalloid?
kryPeriodic
francium (Fr)
silicon(Co)
scandium
cobalt (Si)
(Sc) metalloid
non-metal
metal
Tableon (Kr)
H Which side
What are
areare
thethe
non- He
metalloids?
Li Be metals on? B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt ? ? ?
Metals are on Metalloids sometimes Non-metals
the left and in behave like metals and are mostly
the center. sometimes like non-metals. on the right.

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Let’s do Worksheet
3 entitled React!

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 Worksheet 3: React!
Instructions:

• Study the table for trends

in reactivity.
 Patterns: reactivity of metals
What happens to the reactivity of metals along a period?
What happens to the reactivity of metals down a group?
Which is the most reactive metal?
Li Be
increase in reactivity

Na M Al
g
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr M Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga
n
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb M Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn
o
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po
Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg

increase in reactivity
140 of © Boardworks Ltd 2007
Which metal is more reactive?

141 of © Boardworks Ltd 2007

Trends in the Periodic Table

Metallic Property
Trends in the Periodic Table
Activity 7: What’s the Biggest?
Instructions:
• Study the figure
presented.
• Determine the trend in
terms of atomic radius.
 Activity: Predict the Trend in Atomic Radius

145 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

Activity 7: What’s the Biggest?

Guide Questions:
• What happens to the atomic
radius across a period?
• What happens to the atomic
radius down a group?
 Trend in Atomic Radius
Across a period (left to right): decreasing
Down a group (top to bottom): increasing

147 3.3 Periodic Table 9.17.00 1:37 PM

 Trends in the Periodic Table

Do Worksheet 4:
Trends in the
Periodic Table
 Worksheet 4: Trends in the
Periodic Table Worksheet
Directions: Fill in the table presented below regarding
the various trends in the Periodic Table.
Across a Period Down a Group

Atomic Radius/
Atomic Size

Reactivity of
metals
Metallic
properties
Trends in the Periodic Table

Summary
 Periodic Table
Arrangement of Elements in
the Periodic Table

• The modern periodic law

states that the properties of
elements are a periodic
function of their atomic
numbers.
 Periodic Table
Arrangement of Elements in the
Periodic Table

Groups and Periods

• Elements may be classified into

groups.
• Members of the same group exhibit
similar properties.
 Periodic Table
Arrangement of Elements in the Periodic
Table
Groups and Periods

• The modern periodic table is divided into

groups or families, which are the
columns and periods, which are the rows

• There are two sets of groups (families):

the representative elements and the
transition elements.
Multiple-choice quiz