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Economic System
Lecture 02
Summary of the Previous Lecture
• We discussed the course outlines.
• Requirements of the course.
• Importance of the subject.
Learning Outcomes
After this lecture your will be able to understand;
the characteristics of Islamic Economic System
according to the divine instructions as mentioned in
Quran and Hadith.
Salient Features
1. Allah is the Sustainer
2. God is Real Owner of Everything and Man is Merely a
Trustee
3. Everything Created for Service and Use of Man
4. Concept of Halal and Haram
5. System of Sadaqat and Zakat
6. Prohibition of Interest
7. Ban on Hoarding of Wealth
8. Policy of Moderation
9. Condemnation of Monasticism and Materialism
10. Equity and not Equality
1. Allah is the Sustainer
Verses of the Qur’an:
1. And there is no creature on earth but that upon Allah is its
provision, and He knows its place of dwelling and place of
storage. All is in a clear register. (11 : 6)
6. And have you seen that [seed] which you sow? Is it you
who makes it grow, or are We the grower? (56 : 63-64)
5. ‘Ali (Allah be pleased with him) said: “A person came to the Prophet
of Allah (May peace be upon him) and asked: ‘O Messenger of
Allah: What type of earning is best?’ The Prophet (may peace be
upon him) said: ‘A man’s work with his hand and every business
transaction which is approved, for Allah loves a believer who is a
craftsman. A person who suffers pain to feed his dependents is like
a person who fights in the cause of Allah, the Mighty and Glorious.’”
(Masnud Zaid bin Ali)
1. Allah is the Sustainer
Concept of Entrepreneurship in Islam
The Qur’an encourages struggle when it says: “And that there is not
for man except that [good] for which he strives. And that his effort
is going to be seen ” (53 : 39-40).
O you who have believed, when [the adhan] is called for the prayer
on the day of Jumu'ah [Friday], then proceed to the remembrance
of Allah and leave trade. That is better for you, if you only knew.
And when the prayer has been concluded, disperse within the land
and seek from the bounty of Allah , and remember Allah often that
you may succeed. (62: 9-10).
2. And it is He who placed for you the stars that you may be
guided by them through the darknesses of the land and sea.
We have detailed the signs for a people who know.
6:Al-An’am:97
3. Everything Created for Service and Use of Man
3. It is He who sends down rain from the sky; from it is drink and from
it is foliage (vegetation) in which you pasture [animals]. He causes
to grow for you thereby the crops, olives, palm trees, grapevines,
and from all the fruits. Indeed in that is a sign for a people who give
thought. And He has subjected for you the night and day and the
sun and moon, and the stars are subjected by His command. Indeed
in that are signs for a people who reason. And [He has subjected]
whatever He multiplied for you on the earth of varying colors.
Indeed in that is a sign for a people who remember. And it is He
who subjected the sea for you to eat from it tender meat and to
extract from it ornaments which you wear. And you see the ships
plowing through it, and [He subjected it] that you may seek of His
bounty; and perhaps you will be grateful. And He has cast into the
earth firmly set mountains, lest it shift with you, and [made] rivers
and roads, that you may be guided, And landmarks. And by the
stars they are [also] guided. 16:An-Nahl:10-16
3. Everything Created for Service and
Use of Man
4. And Allah has made for you from your homes a place of rest
and made for you from the hides of the animals tents which
you find light on your day of travel and your day of
encampment; and from their wool, fur and hair is furnishing
and enjoyment for a time. And Allah has made for you, from
that which He has created, shadows and has made for you
from the mountains, shelters and has made for you garments
which protect you from the heat and garments which protect
you from your [enemy in] battle. Thus does He complete His
favor upon you that you might submit [to Him].
16:An-Nahl:80-81
3. Everything Created for Service and
Use of Man
5. Do you not see that Allah has made subject to you
whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the
earth and amply (sufficiently) bestowed (granted)
upon you His favors, [both] apparent and
unapparent? But of the people is he who disputes
about Allah without knowledge or guidance or an
enlightening Book [from Him].
31:Luqman:20
4. Concept of Halal and Haram
Verses of the Quran:
1. O mankind, eat from whatever is on earth [that is] lawful and good and
do not follow the footsteps of Satan. Indeed, he is to you a clear enemy.
(2:168)
2. O you who have believed, eat from the good things which We have
provided for you and be grateful to Allah if it is [indeed] Him that you
worship. He has only forbidden to you dead animals, blood, the flesh of
swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah . But
whoever is forced [by necessity], neither desiring [it] nor transgressing
[its limit], there is no sin upon him. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and
Merciful. (2:172-173)
3. And do not consume one another's wealth unjustly or send it [in bribery]
to the rulers in order that [they might aid] you [to] consume a portion of
the wealth of the people in sin, while you know [it is unlawful]. (2:188)
4. Concept of Halal and Haram
Ahadith of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH):
1. Abu Hurairah reported that the messenger of Allah said: Verily Allah is pure. He
does not accept but what is pure …..Then he mentioned about a man disheveled in
hair and laden with dust, making his journey long and extending his hands towards
heaven: O Lord! O Lord! while his food was unlawful, his drink unlawful, his dress
unlawful and he was nourished with unlawful things. How he can be responded for
that? (Muslim)
2. Abu Masud Al Ansari reported that the messenger of Allah forbade the price of
dogs, earnings of prostitute and foretelling of a soothsayer. (Bukhari,Muslim)
3. Jabir reported that the messenger of Allah cursed the devourer of usury, its payer,
its scribe, and its two witnesses. And he said that they are equal (in sins) (Muslim)
4. Concept of Halal and Haram
4. Abdullah-bin-Amr reported that the messenger of Allah
cursed the bribe taker and the bribe giver.
(Abu Daud)
5. Jabir reported that the messenger of Allah…..forbade the sale
of wine, dead animals, pigs and idols…
(Bukhari,Muslim)
6. Abdullah-bin-Amr reported that the messenger of Allah
prohibited intoxicants, games of chance, card-playing and
Gobairah and he said: Every intoxicant is unlawful.
(Abu Daud)
5. System of Sadaqat and Zakat
Verses of the Qur’an:
1. And establish prayer and give zakah and bow with those who
bow [in worship and obedience]. (2:43)
2. And spend in the way of Allah and do not throw [yourselves]
with your [own] hands into destruction [by refraining]. And do
good; indeed, Allah loves the doers of good. (2:195)
3. They ask you, [O Muhammad], what they should spend. Say,
"Whatever you spend of good is [to be] for parents and relatives
and orphans and the needy and the traveler. And whatever you
do of good - indeed, Allah is Knowing of it.“ (2:215)
4. Who is it that would loan Allah a goodly loan so He may multiply
it for him many times over? And it is Allah who withholds and
grants abundance, and to Him you will be returned. (2:245)
5. System of Sadaqat and Zakat
2. O you who have believed, fear Allah and give up what remains
[due to you] of interest, if you should be believers. And if you
do not, then be informed of a war [against you] from Allah and
His Messenger. But if you repent, you may have your principal -
[thus] you do no wrong, nor are you wronged. (2:278-279)
1. And let not those who [greedily] withhold what Allah has given
them of His bounty ever think that it is better for them. Rather,
it is worse for them. Their necks will be encircled by what they
withheld on the Day of Resurrection. And to Allah belongs the
heritage of the heavens and the earth. And Allah, with what
you do, is [fully] Acquainted. (Al-Imran 3:180)
2. O you who have believed, indeed many of the scholars and the
monks devour the wealth of people unjustly and avert [them]
from the way of Allah . And those who hoard gold and silver
and spend it not in the way of Allah - give them tidings
(notification) of a painful punishment. (9:At-Taubah:34)
7. Ban on Hoarding of Wealth
3. The Day when it will be heated in the fire of Hell and seared
(burned) therewith will be their foreheads, their flanks, and
their backs, [it will be said], "This is what you hoarded for
yourselves, so taste what you used to hoard.“ (9:At-Taubah:35)
And do not make your hand [as] chained to your neck or extend it
completely and [thereby] become blamed and insolvent. (17 : 29)
Say, "Call upon Allah or call upon the Most Merciful. Whichever [name]
you call - to Him belong the best names." And do not recite [too]
loudly in your prayer or [too] quietly but seek between that an
[intermediate] way. (17 : 110)
And be moderate in your pace and lower your voice; indeed, the most
disagreeable of sounds is the voice of donkeys.“ (31 : 19)
8. Policy of Moderation
1. And do not wish for that by which Allah has made some
of you exceed others. For men is a share of what they
have earned, and for women is a share of what they
have earned. And ask Allah of his bounty. Indeed Allah is
ever, of all things, Knowing. (4 : 32)