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of Motion
Hello!
I am Randolf N. Cruz
2
Galileo was successful in providing an
experimental and theoretical background on
how to describe motion.
However, it was Newton who answered and
explained why objects move and why they
accelerate.
Newton was able to formulate the answers to
the aforementioned questions through three
simple statements we now know as Newton’s
Laws of Motion. 3
Objective
Define force.
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Objective
Enumerate the
types of forces.
5
Objective
Explain how balanced
and unbalanced force
are related to motion.
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Objective State Newton’s first law
of motion and define
inertia.
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Objective
Explain the inertial
frame of reference.
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Objective
Explain how mass
differs from weight.
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State Newton’s second
Objective law of motion and
explain how force and
mass are related to
acceleration.
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Objective Solve problems
involving force and
laws of motion.
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FORCES
1. Are there forces acting on the hanging pen below?
If yes, draw the forces. You may use arrows to
represent these forces.
Activity
2. Are there forces acting on the book? If yes, draw
the forces acting on the book.
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EGG DROP INERTIA
1. Place the glass on a sturdy table.
2. (Optional) if a real egg is used, fill the glass with
water. Otherwise, an empty glass is fine.
3. Center the pan on top of the glass.
4. Put the toilet paper roll vertically in the middle of the
pan directly over the glass.
Activity 5. Carefully place the egg on the top of the paper roll.
6. In one quick move, knock the pan sideway off the
glass.
7. Observe the egg fall directly into the glass.
QUESTION:
Why does the egg fall right into the glass while the
paper roll and the pan flies sideways?
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Analysis
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Why does the egg fall right into the glass while
the paper roll and the pan flies sideways?
The
Concept
of Force
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What changes can force
do to motion?
The • Force can make an object move
Concept starting from a rest position.
of Force • Force can make a moving
object stop.
• Force can change the direction
of a moving object.
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Have you ever felt that that
The you are connected to
Concept someone or something even
of Force if there is physical
separation?
What makes you
connected?
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TYPES OF FORCE
The
Concept Contact Forces
of Force Non-Contact Forces
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TYPES OF CONTACT FORCE
Applied force – is applied to an object by
The another object or by a person, the direction
of the applied force depends on how the
Concept force is applied.
of Force
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TYPES OF CONTACT FORCE
Normal Force (N)– referred to as
The pressing force and is always directed
Concept towards the object and acts
perpendicularly.
of Force
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TYPES OF CONTACT FORCE
Frictional force (f) – opposes
The the motion of the object, results
Concept when two surfaces are pressed
of Force together acts parallel to the
surface.
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TYPES OF CONTACT FORCE
Tensional force (T) – a force
The transmitted through a string, rope, or
wire when pulled tight by force acting
Concept at each end.
of Force - the direction is always away from the
object.
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TYPES OF CONTACT FORCE
Spring force – exerted by a spring upon
any object which is attached to it.
The - acts to restore the object, which
Concept compresses or stretches a spring, to its
of Force ret or equilibrium position.
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TYPES OF NON-CONTACT FORCE
Force of Gravity (Weight) – the force
with which the Earth, moon, or other
The massive body attracts an object towards
Concept itself.
of Force
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TYPES OF NON-CONTACT FORCE
Electrical force – force that
The exists between charges
Concept (attractive or repulsive)
of Force
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TYPES OF NON-CONTACT FORCE
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BALANCED & UNBALANCED
FORCES
Balanced Forces – are equal
The forces acting in opposite
Concept directions; thus, they have zero net
of Force force.
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BALANCED & UNBALANCED
FORCES
Unbalanced Force – has a
The nonzero net force; thus it produces
Concept acceleration.
of Force
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BALANCED & UNBALANCED
FORCES
The
Concept
of Force
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NET FORCE
The The combination of all the
Concept forces that act on an object is
of Force the NET FORCE—called the
resultant force of vectors.
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NET FORCE
Example: Two 5-N pulls in the same
direction produce a 10-N pull (net
The force of 10 N). If the pair of 5-N pulls
Concept are in opposite directions, the net
of Force force is zero.
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NET FORCE
A cart is pulled to the right with a
force of 15 N while being pulled to the
The left with a force of 20 N. The net force
Concept on the cart is
of Force
A. 5 N to the left.
B. 5 N to the right.
C. 25 N to the left.
D. 25 N to the right.
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NET FORCE
A cart is pulled to the right with a
force of 15 N while being pulled to the
The left with a force of 20 N. The net force
Concept on the cart is
of Force
A. 5 N to the left.
B. 5 N to the right.
C. 25 N to the left.
D. 25 N to the right.
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NET FORCE
What is the net force acting on the box?
?
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NET FORCE
What is the net force acting on the box?
?
37
Galileo's Concept of Inertia
Inertia
Newton’s
is a property of matter to resist
First Law
changes in motion.
of Motion
depends on the amount of
matter in an object (its mass).
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Galileo's Concept of Inertia
Balls rolling on downward-
sloping planes pick up speed.
Newton’s Balls rolling on upward-sloping
planes lose speed.
First Law So a ball on a horizontal plane
of Motion maintains its speed
indefinitely.
If the ball comes to rest, it is
not due to its "nature," but due
to friction.
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Galileo's Concept of Inertia
The use of inclined planes for Galileo's
Newton’s experiments helped him to
First Law
A. eliminate the acceleration of free fall.
of Motion B. discover the concept of energy.
C. discover the property called inertia.
D. discover the concept of momentum
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Galileo's Concept of Inertia
The use of inclined planes for Galileo's
Newton’s experiments helped him to
First Law
A. eliminate the acceleration of free fall.
of Motion B. discover the concept of energy.
C. discover the property called inertia.
D. discover the concept of momentum
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First Law of Motion
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Inertia
Think about what happens
Newton’s when you suddenly stop a
First Law car.
of Motion
What does your body do?
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Inertia
Your body continues to
Newton’s move in the same direction.
First Law
of Motion You are RESISTING change
in your state of motion:
INERTIA!
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Inertial and Non-Inertial
Reference Frames
Inertial
Frame
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Inertial and Non-Inertial
Reference Frames
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Inertial and Non-Inertial
Reference Frames
The ball on the floor does not move, which is
as it should be because there is no net force
acting on it and Newton’s first law says that it
Inertial should stay resting unless acted on by some
Frame force.
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Inertial and Non-Inertial
Reference Frames
Suddenly, the ball starts to
accelerate toward the front of the
Inertial bus...
Frame
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Inertial and Non-Inertial
Reference Frames
Since there is no net force acting on this ball
(no one pushed it) what is going on? Does
this violate Newton’s first law?
Inertial
Frame
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Inertial and Non-Inertial
Reference Frames
The laws of physics seem to
momentarily break down for
Inertial you sitting on the
Frame bus.
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Mass and Weight
The greater the mass of objects, the greater
the force between them.
You are attracted by the Earth and the Earth is
attracted by you. This is why you don’t fall off the
Earth (most of the force of attraction is due to the
Mass enormous mass of the Earth).
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Mass and Weight
• Mass is the amount of matter in an object
and is measured in kilograms. Mass is not a
force.
• Mass will have the same value anywhere in
Mass the Universe. Including space.
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Mass and Weight
Spring balances and scales actually measure the
force of attraction between an object and the
Earth. This is what weight is. Because it is a
force it is measured in newtons.
Mass
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Mass and Weight
• Weight is a force and is caused by the pull
of gravity acting on a mass. Like other
forces, weight is measured in newtons.
• Weight has different values depending on
Mass where you are in the Universe.
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Mass
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• “Law of Acceleration”
• states that the amount of force is equal to
an objects mass times its acceleration.
Newton’s • The acceleration of an object is directly
Second Law proportional to the net force &
of Motion indirectly proportional to its’ mass.
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Newton’s
Second Law
of Motion
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Newton’s
Second Law
of Motion
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1. How much force is needed to
accelerate a 1400 kilogram car at 2
m/s2?
2. How much force is needed to
Newton’s accelerate a 1000-kg car at a rate of 3
Second Law m/s2?
of Motion 3. A dancer lifts his partner above his
head with an acceleration of 2.5
m/s2. The dancer exerts a force of
200 N. What is the mass of the
partner? 68
A 50 N applied force drags an 8.16 kg log
to the right across a horizontal surface.
What is the acceleration of the log if the
force of friction is 40.0 N?
Newton’s
Second Law
of Motion
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An elevator with a mass of 2000 kg rises
with an acceleration of 1.0 m/s/s. What is
the tension in the supporting cable?
Newton’s
Second Law
of Motion
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“
We are the creative force
of our life, and through
our own decisions rather
than our conditions, if we
carefully learn to do
certain things, we can
accomplish these goals.
71
“
Eventually we all realize
we can’t force if . You
can’t force a connection
or love. You can’t force
them to be something
they’re not. The sooner
we all realize it, the
better off we are.
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“ You can’t force
people to stay in
your life. Staying is a
choice, so be
thankful for people
who choose you.
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Thanks!
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