ANTILOCK BRAKE SYSTEM

(ABS)

Submitted by :- Chandrasekhar Naik

Reg. No :- F16137004011
Branch :- Mechanical
Guided by :- Soumya Ranjan Baliarsingh
ABS
 System Provides Anti-Lock Braking
 Wheels are prevented from locking up in hard
braking situations
 Motivation for ABS
 Safety
 Increased control of vehicle
ABS Components
ABS consist of the following components
•Speed Sensors
•Valve
•Pump
•Controller
Speed Sensors
 Pump and Valves

•Pumps the brake fluid through the lines

•Raises the pressure after it has been released.
 ABS valves
One is included within each brake line controlled by the ABS,
there are 3 positions:
•Position One: Valve is open and fluid is allowed to pass the
brake
•Position Two: Valve blocks the line isolating fluid from going
to the brake
(prevents pressure from rising further)
•Position Three: Valve releases some pressure from the brake
•The following shows the valve “holding the pressure” at the
skidding wheel (Position Two)
Controller (E.C.U)
•E.C.U (electrical control unit) monitors the speed at all wheels
in the vehicle to ensure that they are not under skid.
•The ECU also reduces the pressure to the road wheels.
Motor Vehicle Level 3
Anti-Lock Braking Systems
Resource 1

ABS Operation

•The control unit (ECU) will monitor the road wheels for a
rapid de-acceleration
(a skid is present).
•The ECU will then stop brake pressure onto that wheel,
allowing the wheel to move again
•The ECU will then repeat this until the danger (skid) has
passed.
Motor Vehicle Level 3
Four channel ABS system (most
Resource 1
Anti-Lock Braking Systems

common)
Antilock Brakes
 Wheel speed sensors and computer
 Monitor wheel speed
 Wheel speed sensors measure rotational speed of the
wheel
 Wheel locks: antilock brake controller pulsates the pressure to
that wheel
 ABS is disabled below a certain speed
 ABS senses failure: system reverts to conventional-only
braking
 Pedal feel: bump followed by rapid pulsing
Antilock Brake System Components
 Include:
 ABS computer
 Known as: electronic brake control module, controller
antilock brake, or electronic brake and traction control
module
 Sensor inputs
 Pressure modulator valves
 Self-test
 Wheel speed sensors
 Variations and wiring

 Hydraulic control valve assembly

Types of
 Integral ABS
Antilock Brake Systems
 Combine master cylinder, power brake booster, ABS
hydraulic circuitry in single assembly
 Early systems used pump for pressure
 Reservoir is usually much larger
 Some systems have pressure sensitive switch
 Nonintegral ABS
 ABS unit is separate from master cylinder and is in
series with brake lines
 Two or four wheel
 One, three, or four-channel
Two-Wheel ABS
 Only works on rear wheels
 Found on SUVs and light trucks
 Designed to stop a fully loaded truck
 Rear brakes: modulated simultaneously
 Centrally located, single sensor
 Four wheel ABS
 Either three or four channel
 Four channel: sensor on each wheel
 Front wheels controlled separately
Antilock Brake System Operation
 During two-wheel ABS stop: isolation valve closes
 Action by isolation solenoid not sufficient
 Dump valve cycles open and closed rapidly
 Pressure to rear brakes is relieved and wheels are
turning
 Dump valve closes
 Three- and four-channel systems
 Some use single combination valve
Antilock Brake System Operation
(cont'd.)
 Nonintegral systems
 May use motor pack
 Malfunction occurs in ABS system
 Computer shuts system off
 When testing ABS
 Pedal pulsing should be felt
Conclusion
 An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety anti-
skid braking system used on aircraft and on
land vehicles, such
as cars, motorcycles, trucks and buses. ABS operates
by preventing the wheels from locking up
during braking, thereby maintaining tractive contact
with the road surface.
References
 "Toyota Prius c features safety anti-skid braking system
(ABS)". Toyota Motor Corporation Australia. Retrieved 7
March 2016. Prius c is equipped with Toyota's Anti-skid
Braking System (ABS).
 "Effectiveness of ABS and Vehicle Stability Control
Systems" (PDF). Royal Automobile Club of Victoria. April
2004. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
 Heißing, Bernd (2011), Chassis Handbook,
Springer, ISBN 9783834897893, retrieved February 19, 2013
 Speed With Style", Cycle World, June 1992, ISSN 0011-4286,
retrieved February 19, 2013