Lung Cancer

Jordan Bishop, Robyn Fortune & Shaquala Rice

 Target Population: African

Program
American men ages 50-65
who smoke cigarettes or
have been exposed to a

Rationale significant amount of

second-hand smoke in
Kentucky.
“Incidence rate” means how many people out of a given number get the disease each
year. The graph below shows how many people out of 100,000 got cancer each year
during the years 1999–2012. The year 2012 is the most recent year for which
numbers have been reported. The cancer incidence rate is grouped by race and
ethnicity. The graph below shows that in 2012, among men, black men had the
highest rate of getting cancer, followed by white, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific
Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native men.
Why Lung Cancer?
Approximately 402,326 Americans living today have been diagnosed with lung cancer at
some point in their lives.

During 2015, an estimated 221,200 new cases of lung cancer were expected to be
diagnosed, representing about 13 percent of all cancer diagnoses.

In 2011, Kentucky had the highest age-adjusted lung cancer incidence rates in both men
(112.2 per 100,000) and women (79.3 per 100,000). Utah had the lowest age-adjusted
cancer incidence rates in both men and women (34.5 per 100,000 and 25.0 per 100,000,
respectively). These state-specific rates were parallel to smoking prevalence rates.

In 2012, Lung and Bronchus Cancer has still caused more death in both men and women in
the United States than any other cancer.

The National Institutes of Health estimate that cancer care cost the U.S. an overall
$124.6 billion in 2010, $12.1 billion of which is due to lung cancer. Lost
productivity due to early death from cancer lead to an additional $134.8 billion in
2005, $36.1 billion of which was caused by lung cancer.
According to the Stop Cancer Fund’s 2010 article on African
Americans and lung cancer,

32%
more African American are men diagnosed with lung cancer each
year than white men, even though their overall exposure to
cigarette smoke, the primary risk for lung cancer, is lower.
 ● Intervention: health education
○ Improve self-efficacy
○ Quality of life
›
○ Self-image
›
○ Ten general principles of learning
›

Program
appeals to multiple senses,
getting the learner active in the
process, limiting distractions,
make sure the participant is ready

rationale
to learn, making the subject
relevant to the participants,
repetition, making sure that
learning is encouraged, moving
from simple to complex concepts,
making the concepts applicable to
several settings, and lastly
finding an appropriate pace to
reach our audience.
 ● Lung Cancer

○ the uncontrolled growth of

abnormal cells that start off
in one or both lungs; usually
in the cells that line the
air passages. The abnormal

Needs Assessment
cells do not develop into
healthy lung tissue, they
divide rapidly and form
tumors.

○ First described by doctors in

the mid-19th century

○ Surpassed breast cancer and

became the leading cause of
cancer death
Facts & Stats:
According to
State Cancer
Profiles,
McCraken County
has the highest
number of African
American men over
age 50 affected
by lung cancer
with a death rate
of 477.9 per
100,000 over a
four year period.
 To increase accessibility
to quality health care
services to improve the
quality of life for males

Program Goal ages 50 - 65 in the

African American community
in McCracken, Kentucky.
Intervention
OVerview
InTervention
Develop a community coalition
Useful for accomplishing a broad range
of goals
Join other community coalitions that
are already established that are
focused on decreasing the incidence
of lung cancer.
Focus on expanding the availability of
services, and broaden the
constituency base for lung cancer
awareness.
Implementation
The program will be offered and open to
citizens living with lung cancer in
the McCracken County area, as well
as family and friends of the
participants.
Although our target audience is African
American males, everyone is welcome
to participate.
To kick-off our program we will be
holding a festival which will
include rides, a local farmer’s
market on presentation, and guest
speakers.
Program Marketing
Promotion/Advertising:
● To promote our program we will use
Estimated Cost = ∼ $500,000
giveaways to directly reach the
community and get them involved, using
the kick-off festival as an incentive.
● For advertising:
○ postcards
○ water bottles
○ 2 oz. package “healthy snacks”
(trail mix, chocolates, etc.)
○ multi-colored pens
○ t-shirts
● To keep our “customers” involved,
we’ll have them subscribe to text
message alerts as motivation to stay
healthy and prepare themselves leading
up to the start of the program
Budget:
Funding to the following categories:
$15,000 for personnel and $5,000 for
subsequent travel
$3,200 for office materials
$4,000 for the office space rental
$49,200 for office furniture
$10,000 for printers
$22,700 technology supplies (iPads,
desktop computers and laptops)
$2,500 for the website maintainence fee
and internet access for the office
$4,000 for marketing and promotion
Grand total = $115,600
(Cummings, 2011)
$384,400 left to fund the festival and for
program expenses.
Theoretical
Foundation
Theory of Planned Behavior
Accounts for the multiple factors that put the target population at
risk and why they’ve come to share the disproportionate amount
of lung cancer diagnoses.

Allows us to address the issues of self-efficacy and perception

within the target population; putting an emphasis on making
health a priority through behavior modification while still
being culturally competent.

Our health problem can be solved or greatly reduced through

modified behavior; in order to modify behavior we have to
address the perception of the target population.
Program Objectives
 By the end of this year, program planners will
have developed two curriculum outlining
methods for health educators to address lung

Process Objectives:
cancer and respiratory health in African
American males.

By December 12, 2017, two health promotion

specialists and two health education
specialists will have completed training on
addressing, educating, intervention and
mobilization of the African-American community
on the subject of respiratory health.

After completing the program, 85% of participants

Learning Objectives:
will be able to list at least two ways to
improve their respiratory health.

After completion of the program, 70% of

participants will be able to identity the
effects of first- and second hand smoke on the
respiratory system of both smokers and
nonsmokers.
 Sixty days after the program has ended,

Behavioral
about 55% of program participants will
have reduced the number of packs of
cigarettes bought per month by 1/3.

Objectives:
Four months after completion of the
program, at least 70% of program
participants will report reducing the
number of times they smoked a
cigarette during the day.

Outcome Objective: ● Starting in 2018, the incidence for

deaths due to lung cancer among older
African American men, 50 – 65 years
old, living in McCracken County,
Kentucky will decrease by 25% in
2028.
Works Cited:
American Lung Association. (2016). Lung Cancer Fact Sheet. Retrieved from

http://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/learn-about-

lung-cancer/lung-cancer-fact-sheet.html?referrer=https://www.google.com/

Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

(2015). Lung Cancer Rates by State. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung/statistics/state.htm

Cummings, D. (2011). Costs to Furnish a Nice Startup Office. Retrieved from

https://davidcummings.org/2011/03/07/costs-to-furnish-a-nice-startup-office/
Works Cited (continued):
Geyen, Dashiel J., Ed.D., M.P.H. (2012) Behavioral Changes for African Americans To Improve
Health, Embrace Culture, and Minimize Disparities. ECI Interdisciplinary Journal for Legal and
Social Policy: 2(1), Article 2. Retrieved from: http://ecipublications.org/ijlsp/vol2/iss1/2

Miller, S., RN. (2010) Lung cancer and African Americans. Stop Cancer Fund. Retrievedfrom

http://www.stopcancerfund.org/p-lung-cancer/lung-cancer-and-african-americans/

Hall, D., DrPH, CHES. Wellsource, Inc. (2011). How Much Does a Good Wellness Program Cost?

Retrieved from http://wellsource.com/wp-

content/uploads/2015/08/How_Much_Should_a_Wellness_Program_Cost.pdf

State Cancer Profiles. (2016). Incidence Rates for Kentucky: Lung and Bronchus, 2008 - 2012:

Black (includes Hispanic), Male, Ages 50. Retrieved from

http://statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov/map/map.withimage.php?21