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The document discusses various structures and growing environments used in nurseries, including shade houses, hotbeds, containers, pot-in-pot systems, and field growing. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each method and highlights considerations for structure maintenance, plant maintenance, pest control, and winter protection. Key factors in selecting a structure include climate, soil, water access, and plant material needs. Structures require regular upkeep like replacing covering materials and controlling pests, while plant maintenance involves fertilizing, pruning, irrigation and integrated pest management.
The document discusses various structures and growing environments used in nurseries, including shade houses, hotbeds, containers, pot-in-pot systems, and field growing. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each method and highlights considerations for structure maintenance, plant maintenance, pest control, and winter protection. Key factors in selecting a structure include climate, soil, water access, and plant material needs. Structures require regular upkeep like replacing covering materials and controlling pests, while plant maintenance involves fertilizing, pruning, irrigation and integrated pest management.
The document discusses various structures and growing environments used in nurseries, including shade houses, hotbeds, containers, pot-in-pot systems, and field growing. It describes the advantages and disadvantages of each method and highlights considerations for structure maintenance, plant maintenance, pest control, and winter protection. Key factors in selecting a structure include climate, soil, water access, and plant material needs. Structures require regular upkeep like replacing covering materials and controlling pests, while plant maintenance involves fertilizing, pruning, irrigation and integrated pest management.
growing environments and maintenance. Nursery Structures and Growing Environments Consider climate, soil and topography, available water source, type of plant material, and production method when selecting a nursery structure or growing environment. Shade Houses Shade Houses-Advantages Constructed of wood, PVC or galvanized steel No artificial head source, heated by solar radiation Used for hardening off plants and hot weather holding Protects plants from adverse weather conditions Shade Houses-Advantages Cover with plastic during the winter to reduce overwintering injury to woody ornamentals as well as reduce temperature fluctuations during the overwintering period A variety of plant material can be grown Good air circulation Good filtered light; shade cloth Inexpensive growing structure Shade Houses-Disadvantages Some plants cannot be grown year round No heat source other than sun No heat or cooling Hotbeds Hotbeds-Advantages Constructed of wood or galvanized steel, glass and/or plastic Solar heated, electric cables, steam or heated by natural materials such as hay or manure Used for starting plants earlier than in a cold frame Inexpensive Hotbeds- Disadvantages Can be expensive to heat Hay or manure needs to be replaced when the temperature in the hotbed drops below 50 degrees Container Container-Advantages Plants are easy to move and transport Grown to sellable size in the container Less shock to plants Retailers can keep plants longer before selling Uniform soilless media Insects, diseases, fertility and pH are easier to control Monitoring of water intake easily controlled Containers-Disadvantages Requires more water More labor intensive May become pot bound May require winter protection May have a higher start-up cost (pots, media) Plants may have to be moved to larger containers May be expensive to ship Others: blow over Pot-In-Pot (PNP) Pot-in-Pot Uses a slightly larger pot (socket pots) that are buried in rows in the ground and the potted plants (production pots) are placed inside Mix between Container production and Field production PNP- Advantages No staking No blown over containers Cooler roots in the summer Well insulated roots in the winter Easy to move and transport Becoming a more viable option to the traditional field grown Combines the benefits of field production with the marketing flexibility of container production PNP- Disadvantages Startup cost is expensive Field prep and purchasing 2 containers for each plant opposed to 1. 15-25 gallon pots are commonly used Labor costs Field Grown (Traditional) Field Grown-Advantages Plants are grown directly in native soil Bare root plants are easy to handle and plant Field Grown-Disadvantages Requires equipment to be harvested Plants may go into shock when moved or transplanted Harder to control insects, diseases, fertility and pH Soil must be well drained Limited time to harvest Supply cost: liners, supplies, burlap, wire baskets, twine, and pinning nails Expensive to ship Maintenance of Structures Shade houses (cold frames) Need painting or replacing over time Plastic covering will need to be replaced on a regular basis Replacement of gravel and weed block Debris removal Hotbeds Change out heat source (straw, hay, manure) Pest control Cover replacement Debris removal Container Pest control Replace weed block Replace gravel on roads and under containers PNP Replacement of damaged pots Pest control Replace gravel on roads Field Grown Erosion control Pest control Replace Gravel on roads Maintenance of Plants Maintenance of Plants Fertilizer-needs to be replaced regularly in order for the plants to continue to grown and remain strong Irrigation-sprinkler or drip is determined by crop requirement and container arrangement Shading-on newly established plants or plants that will grow in shady areas Pruning Shape plant materials Make plants more compact Train growth to form into a mature plant (central leader or many stems) Removed dead or diseased parts Espalier-a plant that is trained to grow flat against a wall, railing or trellis Pest Control Methods/Program IPM- process used to solve pest problems while minimizing risks to people and the environment Chemical control-uses chemicals to eliminate plant pests Biological control-uses living organisms such as predators, parasites and pathogens to control the populations of pests Mechanical-manages pests by physical means such as barriers, screens, row covers, trapping, weeding or removal of the pest by hand Pest Problems Insects ID insect-aphids, spider mites, whitefly, scale, etc. Determine type of control-chemical, biological or mechanical Treat based on method recommendations Weeds ID weeds-henbit, chickweed, grasses, etc. Dig or pull weeds Treat based on method recommendations Pest Problems Disease ID disease-blights, fungi, rusts, etc. Treat based on method recommendations Rodents ID the rodent- voles, moles, mice squirrels, etc Trap or treat based on method recommendations Mollusks ID mollusks-snails, slugs, etc. Treat based on method recommendations Winter Protection Winter Protection Frost Blanket Traps and collects heat during the day and releases it at night to keep your plants warm and growing. In the spring it gives you a jump-start on plants and wards off pests. In fall, use it to extend your growing season. Float or drape the lightweight fabric over your plants. Winter Protection Water (bud protection) Spray water on buds before a freeze Often used on fruit trees and strawberries Winter Protection White plastic Reduce overwintering injury to woody ornamentals Protects young plants in early spring