CHAPTER 4 : CHEMICAL

COMPOSITION OF CELL
Learning Outcomes :
•State the elements in carbohydrates
•State the types of carbohydrates with examples
•Explain the formation and breakdown of
disaccharides and polysaccharides
 Elements in carbohydrates
•Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
•Hydrogen : Oxygen ratio is 2:1 C:H:O
2:1
 Types of carbohydrates with examples
Glucose

Monosaccharides Fructose
Carbohydrates

Galactose

Maltose
Disaccharides
Sucrose

Lactose
Starch
Polysaccharides Cellulose

Glycogen
 MONOSACCHARIDES
•Monomers of carbohydrates
•Simple sugar – C6H12O6 Glucose Grape sugar
Fructose Sweet fruits
•Reducing sugars and honey
Galactose Milk
Glucose

Fructose

Galactose
 Q & A SESSION
Group A
•What is the monomer of carbohydrate?
•What is the general formula for monosaccharide?
•Are monosaccharides reducing sugars?
 Q & A SESSION
Group B
•What are the different types of monosaccharides?
•Give example of each of the monosaccharides.
•What is disaccharides?
•What are the 3 common disaccharides?
•How are the 3 saccharides formed ?
 Q & A SESSION
Group C
•What are the different types of monosaccharides?
•Give example of each of the monosaccharides.
•How are the 3 saccharides formed ?
•How polysaccharides are formed ?
 DISACCHARIDES
•2 monosaccharides joined together through
condensation
•Complex sugar – C12H22O11
•Maltose & Lactose : Reducing sugars, Sucrose : Non –
Reducing sugar
Glucose Glucose Maltose

water
Glucose Fructose Sucrose

Glucose Galactose Lactose

 POLYSACCHARIDES
•Polymer formed by the condensation of hundreds or
thousands of glucose monomers
•General formula – ( C6H10O5 )n
• Insoluble in water ,do not taste sweet, and do not
crystallise
Glucose Glucose Glucose .....

Hydrolysis Dilute acids/boiling/enzymatic

reactions

Glucose Glucose
 Starch Storage in plant
cells
Glycogen Storage in animal
cells
Cellulose Cell wall
 condensation

Glucose Glucose Maltose

Water

hydrolysis Glucose
Maltose + water
Glucose
 ACTIVITY 4
GIMMICKS
GROUP A – FORMATION OF DISACCHARIDES
GROUP B – FORMATION OF DISACCHARIDES & POLYSACCHARIDES
GROUP C – BREAKDOWN OF DISACCHARIDES & POLYSACCHARIDES