Extraction Of Bio Diesel From

Indian Red Seeds And Evaluate The

Performance Efficiency By
Replacing Usual Engine Oil.
 abstract
• Rapid industrialisation and growth in population has resulted in the
rapid increase in energy demand. Indiscriminate use of fossil fuels
has led to extinction of petroleum sources. Pollutant emissions from
diesel engines has caused major impacts in disturbing the ecological
system. To overcome these problems, focus is towards alternative
sources. Biodiesel, derived from vegetable oils, animal fats and
algae is the future prospect.
• the Indian Red seed oil prepared and blended with together to
produce the biodiesel and to Evaluate The Performance Efficiency
By Replacing Usual Engine Oil
• The study also includes examination of physical and chemical
properties such as pH value, viscosity, density, flash point, fire point
and acid values on the produced biodiesel as well as on the
conventional diesel for comparison. The study revealed that the
properties of the bio-diesel are very close to the conventional diesel.
 INTRODUCTION
• Biodiesel is defined as mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty
acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats which
conform to ASTM D6751 ( American Society for Testing &
Materials ). It is the name of a clean burning alternative fuel,
produced from domestic, renewable resources and animal
fats. Biodiesel is high quality fuel made through a chemical
process called Transesterification
• The chemical reaction that occurs through this process breaks
down the oil into a layer of biodiesel which rises to the top of
the reactor, and a layer of Glycerine which falls to the bottom.
The Glycerine is drained is drained off and used for other
purposes, composted or otherwise disposed off.
PROCESS FLOW
 SELECTION OF SEED
• INDIAN RED SEED
 OIL EXTRACTION PROCESS
• The oil content of each sample collected
during an experiment is obtained by mean of a
refractometric analysis. This content is used
for computation of the momentary state of oil
extraction yield. For each experiment the time
tendency of extraction yield should be directed
to final yield resulting after separation of the
oil from the solvent.
• According to shrinking core model, the oil extraction of three major
steps: solubilisation of solute molecules from the liquid-solid interface
in the solvent

• diffusion of the solute molecules from the solid-liquid interface through

the surface layer to the outer boundary of the surface layer

• Diffusion of the solute molecules from the outer boundary of the

surface layer to bulk liquid phase. The shrinking core model parameters
are represented by oil
Saturation concentration in solvent (CS), effective diffusion coefficient
for oil in leached zone of particle (Deff) and oil diffusion coefficient in
the bulk liquid (solvent). Solvent flow velocity (w) and axial dispersion
coefficient (Dl) are the parameters of model characterising the fixed
bed oil transport.
ESTARIFICATION PROCESS
FLOW DIAGRAM
 BIO DIESEL PRODUCTION
• Flow chat of production of Biodiesel:
• The Transesterification process is the reaction of a
triglyceride (fat/oil) with an alcohol to form esters and
glycerol. The figure below shows the chemical process for
methyl ester biodiesel.
• The reaction between the oil and the alcohol is a reversible
reaction and so the alcohol must be added in excess to
drive the reaction towards the right and ensure complete
conversion. Biodiesel is produced from non edible oils or
animal fats and an alcohol, through a transesterification
reaction this chemical reaction converts an ester (non
edible oil or animal fat) into a mixture of esters of the fatty
acids that makes up the oil (or fat).
• Biodiesel is obtained from the purification of the mixture of
fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). A catalyst is used to
accelerate the reaction. According to the catalyst used,
transesterification can be basic, acidic or enzymatic, the
former being the most frequently used, as indicated.
 MOST IMPORTANT ALCOHOLS USED IN BIODIESEL
PRODUCTION

• Methanol. Most widely used, in spite of its

toxicity. It is a substance of petrochemical
origin.
• Ethanol. Less used, requires more complex
production technology and the reaction
speeds are lower. It can be produced from
biomass.
MATERIAL PURCHASE
AGRI SOURSE
oil extraction
filtration

BIOCHEMICAL DETAILS
Ethanol
Methanol
Indian red seed
 Indian red seed
• indian red seed is a medium-sized to large deciduous
tree, 6-15 m tall and up to 45 cm diameter, depending
on location; generally erect; bark dark brown to
greyish; inner bark soft, pale brown; crown spreading;
multiple stems common, as are slightly buttressed
trunks in older trees.
• Leaves bipinnate; 2-6 opposite pairs of pinnae, each
with 8-21 leaflets on short stalks; alternate leaflets 2-
2.5 x 3 cm, oval-oblong, with an asymmetric base and
blunt apex, dull green on topside and blue-green
underside; leaves turn yellow with age.
• Macroscopic observation indicated that the hull of the
mature seed is composed of four layers, i.e : the first
layer was the outer layer, appeared red and shiny, and
was solved in the soaking water; the second layer was
thin, transparent, flexible but discontinous and
appeared orange; the third layer was thick, non
transparent, rigid and white in color; while the fourth
layer was thick, but transparent, rigid, and white. While
microscopic studies showed the existence of
microscleroid layer, beside subepidermal and cotiledon
layer, the seed contained calcium oxalate crystal of the
"druses" type.
 OIL MIXING RATIO FROM SEED
• Ethanol - 5%
• Methanol - 5%
• Oil - 90%
 OIL MIXING RATIO
• 1. Load test with 100% diesel
• 2. Load test with 5% biodiesel & 95% diesel
• 3. Load test with 10% biodiesel & 90% diesel
• 4. Load test with 15% biodiesel & 85% diesel
 TESTING
Oil test
• Performance test
• Emission test
 TEST DETAILS
Performance test
• Load vs speed
• Load vs time
• Load vs current
• Load vs voltage
Emission test
 Nox
 Cox
 sox
 APPLICATION
• Automobile components
 BENEFITS OF BIODIESEL
• Biodiesel is a good lubricant about 66% better
than petro diesel
• Biodiesel produce less smoke and particulate
maters as it is free of sulphur and aromatics.
• Biodiesel has higher cetane number having well
anti knocking property.
• Produce lower carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon
emissions.
• Bio-diesel is renewable, biodegradable and non-
toxic.
 REFERENCE
• “Annual Report, Mop & NG” 2002, Plubished by
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of
India.
• Bersce G.B, Fey J.P, “Compatibility of Elastomers and
Metals in Bio-Diesel Fuel Blends”, SAE Paper No.
971190, 1997, pp. 651-659
• Aggarwal A.K, Das L.M. “Biodiesel Development and
Characterization for use as a fuel in Compression
Ignition Engine”, ASME Journal of Engineering for
Gas turbine & Power, Vol.123, April 2001, pp.440-447.
• Beggs R.E “ Renewwable Oil Fuels & Diesel Engines
as components of sustainable system design”