Presentation Topic

“Strain Gauge Rosettes”

Course Teacher:
Dr. Muhammad Zubair Khan

Presented by:
Muhmmad Kaleem Akhtar
2K17-MS-FT-AMD-07
Electrical resistance strain gauge.
This strain gauge works on the principle that when a metallic wire type
gauge is strained (here due to forces on object in contact), the resistance
of the wire will be changed due to changes in its length, diameter and
resistivity.
ρ𝐿
R=
𝐴

Where
ρ is resistivity; L is length of wire; A is area of
cross
This change in resistance will be in proportion
with the strain produced.
Single Strain Gauge
A single uniaxial strain gauge only measures the strain field correctly in one direction.

Force

Axial Load Torsional Load Bending Load

To measure more complicated strain fields, use of multiple strain gauges enables more

YES No
measurements to be taken which is called Strain Gauge Rosette.
No
 Strain In biaxial direction ε𝑦

In a plane, strain can manifest itself in ε 𝑦𝑥

three ways:
ε 𝑥𝑦
•Normal strain in X direction (ε 𝑥 )
y
•Normal strain in Y direction (ε 𝑦 ) ε𝑥 ε
•Shear strain in XY (ε 𝑥𝑦 )
• Assume that the negligible strain is ε 𝑥𝑦
oriented in the z-direction. To reduce the
3D strain matrix to the 2D plane stress ε 𝑦𝑥
X
matrix, remove all components with z
subscripts to get ε𝑦
ε𝑥 ε 𝑥𝑦
ε 𝑦𝑥 ε𝑦
ε 𝑥𝑦 = ε 𝑦𝑥 By definition
 Transformation of strains
The transformation of strains with respect to the
(x,y,z) coordinates to the strains with respect to
(x',y',z’) is performed via the equations

X
Configurations of strain gauge rosettes
Tee (0-90 degree)
Two mutually perpendicular grids.
Rectangular (0-45-90 degree)
Three grids, with the second and third grids angularly displaced
from the first grid by45 degrees and 90 degrees, respectively
Delta (0-60-120 degree)
Three grids, with the second and third grids 60 degrees and 120
degrees away,respectively, from the first grid.
Stacked
Co-location of the gauges requires mounting each individual gauge
on top of the others inwhat is called a “stacked” rosette, but this
leads to a complicated and often inaccurate type of gauge
 Mathematical modelling to calculate strain
We know normal strain in any direction (θ) is given by

ε ε ε εy) cos 2θ + γ
Normal strain (ε𝑛 ) = 1Τ2( x + y) + 1Τ2( ( x – xy2 Sin 2θ y

where εx = normal strain at a point in x-direction θ3

θ2
θ1

εy = normal strain at a point in y- direction 0 X

γxy = shear strain at a point on x face in y direction
 • Rectangular strain gauge rosette: It consists of three strain gauges; A, B, and C. Strain
gauges A and C are placed at a 90° angle on an XY-axis, and strain gauge B is placed in between the
two at a 45° angle.
y
We know normal strain in any direction (θ) is given by

ε ε
Normal strain (ε𝑛 ) = 1Τ2( x + y) + 1Τ2( ( x – ε εy) cos 2θ + γ
xy2 Sin 2θ C
B
ε𝐴 = (ε𝑛 θ=0° = εx ---------- (1)
θ B = 450
εx + εy + γxy A ε
ε𝐵 = (ε𝑛 )θ=45° = ---------------- (2)
𝟐 0 θ 𝐴= 00 𝐴 X

ε𝑐 = (εn)θ=90° = εy --------------(3)
From Eqn 1 , 2 and 3

γ xy = 2 εB – ε εc
A–
 Delta strain gauge rosette :
• It also consists of three strain gauges, which are in an equilateral
triangle orientation, which features 60o angles.

ε ε ε εy) cos 2θ + γ
Normal strain (ε𝑛 ) = 1Τ2( x + y) + 1Τ2( ( x – xy2 Sin 2θ

y
ε = (εn)θ=0° = εx
A ε𝐶

ε = (εn)θ=60° = (εx + εy) - (εx – εy) + 𝟐 γ

𝟑 ε𝐵
𝟏 𝟏
B xy2
𝟐 𝟒

εc = (εn)θ=120° (εx + εy) - εx – ε

=
𝟏
𝟐
𝟏
𝟒
(
𝟐
𝟑
y) - γxy2

A
θ 𝐴 = 00 ε𝐴 x
 Star strain gauge rosette
• This rosette consist of three strain gauges in three directions as
shown below
ε ε ε εy) cos 2θ + γ
Normal strain (ε𝑛 ) = 1Τ2( x + y) + 1Τ2( ( x – xy2 Sin 2θ

ε = (εn)θ=0° = εx
y
A
ε𝐵
ε = (εn)θ=120° = (εx + εy) - (εx – εy) -
B
𝟏
𝟐
𝟏
𝟒 𝟐
𝟑
γxy2
εc = (εn)θ=240° = (εx + εy) - (εx – ε
𝟏
𝟐
𝟏
𝟒
y) +
𝟐
𝟑
γxy2
A
θ 𝐴 = 00 ε𝐴 x
ε𝐶
 Where as 𝑞𝑎 , 𝑞𝑏 , 𝑞𝑐 and 𝑞𝑑 are strain measured by gauges.

Where as 𝑣𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑘 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑛′ 𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑔 𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦.
website to measure online strain through
strain gauge rosette
• https://www.amesweb.info/StressStrainTransformations/PlaneStress
CalcByUsingStrainResults/PlaneStressCalcUsingRosetteResults.aspx
Thank you