The coast is the boundary between land and sea, measured
at the highest and lowest tides, influenced by marine and marine socio-economic, while on land is limited by natural processes and human activities on land (Triatmodjo, 1999). Marine
The sea is a vast collection of saltwater that
separates one continent from another, and also separates one island from another. Sense Of Management of Coastal and Marine Resources Categories of Ecosystem Coastal and Marine Resources 1. Mangrove Forest Ecosystem Mangrove forests can be defined as the type of forest ecosystem that grows in the boundary area of the tidal water, precisely the coastal area and around the mouth of the river. 2. Seagrass Ecosystem The ecological characteristics of sea grass include: There are in the sloping coastal waters, in the mud / sand plains Able to live to a depth of 30 meters, in calm and sheltered waters Very dependent on sunlight entering the waters. Can metabolism optimally if the whole body is immersed in water Able to live in saltwater media Have a well-developed root system 3. Coral Reef Ecosystem Coral reef ecosystems occupy the forefront, followed by ecosystems seagrass and mangroves. Coral reefs need waters with brightness high and sufficient light intensity, which usually resides in the exposure area the shallow. Causes of Damage to Coastal and Marine Resources 1. The opening of Mangrove Forest For Shrimp Ponds and The Woods Are Used as Building Materials. 2. Use of Plastics, Cans, Pepticides, Fuel For Human Activity Needs. 3. ExcessiveExploitationof Natural Resources. - useofexplosivematerialsandtoxicsubstances - over-exploitation of coral reefs - coastal reclamation -sedimentation due to increased erosion Indicators of Damage or Pollution of Coastal and Marine Resources 1. Damage to coral reefs, this damage can be caused by both environmental factors and human activities 2. Death of some fish species due to environmental anomaly so that these animals can not adapt, for example the rise in sea temperature causes most fish to migrate to deeper sea because it is cooler 3. Many living things can not live in their natural habitat anymore because of the invasion of other species 4. Coastal aeration as a result of the absence of mangroves as retaining sand The Management of Coastal and Marine Resources to Overcome the Damage and Pollution of the Coast and Marine 1. Laws and Treaties National and international laws and treaties to help protect marine species include the 1975 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), the 1979 Global Treaty on Migratory Species, the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973, the U.S. Whale Conservation and Protection Act of 1976, and the 1995 International Convention on Biological Diversity (Miller and Spoolman, 2009: 257). Law No. 5/1990 on the Conservation of Natural Resources and its ecosystem and Article 65 paragraph (1) of Law Number 32 Year 2009 on the Protection and Management of the Environment (Pramudyanto,Bambang,2014:29). Rigidly enforced rules will maintain balance, sustainability and resource sustainability potential. Protecting Marine and Coastal Resources Requires Commitments from Individuals and Communities From individuals : reduce overfishing and pollution. slow the rate of global warming monitoring and managing fishing and coastal land development and preventing pollution from land-based activities. Coastal residents should also think about the chemicals they use on their lawns Coastal villagers monitor the type of waste they produce and where it ends. From communities :
For example IUCN and The Nature Conservancy
scientists reported in 2006 that the world’s coral reefs and mangrove forests could survive currently projected global warming if we relieve other stressors such as overfishing and pollution.