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What is an anion?
We will look at
1. The Chloride Ion Cl-
2. The sulfate ion SO42-
3. The sulfite ion SO32-
4. The carbonate ion CO32-
5. The hydrogen carbonate ion HCO3-
6. The nitrate ion NO3-
7. The phosphate ion PO43-
1. To detect the presence of chloride
ions
Apparatus: 1.Test Tube, 2.Spatula, 3.a chloride salt,
4.silver nitrate, 5.dilute ammonia and 6.deionised water
Procedure
1. Place 2cm3 of water in test tube adding a
small amount of the salt, shaking to dissolve
2. Add a few drops of silver nitrate. What
happens??
3. Add about the same amount of ammonia as
water. What happens?
Chloride ions
Test: Add a few drops of AgNO3 to a solution of
the solid A precipitate is the name given to
an insoluble material that settles
out of a solution
Procedure:
1. Add about 2cm3 of water to both test tubes
and make up a solution of sulfite salt in one
and sulfate in the other, make sure you label
your test tubes!
2. Add a few drops barium chloride to each test
tube to each, note what happens?
What happens?
Barium sulfate is insoluble in HCl
Procedure:
1. Place aprox 1cm of carbonate salt in a test
tube, do the same and add about 2cm3 of acid
into the test tubes. What happens?
Distinguishing between carbonate and
hydrogencarbonate
2. Add Magnesium Sulfate to a fresh solution of
the salt.
With boiling
Mg(HCO3)2 MgCO3 + CO2 + H2O
6. To detect the presence of Nitrate
ions
Apparatus: Test Tube, Nitrate Salt, iron(ii) sulfate,
Concentrated sulfuric acid.
Procedure:
1. Place a small amount of nitrate salt in a test
tube and dissolve with some deionized water.
2. Add the same quantity of freshly prepared
iron(ii) sulfate
3. Carefully add some concentrated sulfuric acid,
VERY DANGEROUS! Note what happens?
Nitrate Ions
Test: Brown Ring Test, To a solution of the solid,
add a freshly prepared FeSO4 solution, add
concentrated sulfuric acid
Procedure:
1. Add a few crystals of phosphate salt to about 1cm3 of
water and shake to dissolve
2. Pour in ammonium molybdate until the test tube is
half full
3. Add 5 drops of concentrated nitric acid VERY
DANGEROUS! What happens?
7. Phosphate ions
Test: Ammonium molybdate is added to a
solution of the solid. Concentrated nitric acid is
added. Solution id warmed if needed