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Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics
F 0 i F 0 , Flows
i
• Specific Gravity, s
Ratio of weight density of liquid to weight density of standard liquid
(Water)
(or)
Ratio of mass density of liquid to mass density of standard liquid
(Water)
(or)
Ratio of specific weight of given liquid to specific weight of water
The specific weight of water at atmospheric pressure is 9810 N/m3.
The specific gravity of mercury is = 13600/1000 = 13.6
• Vapour Pressure
Measure of volatile of the given fluid
Pressure exerted by vapour over its liquid
VP is affected by temperature:
• higher the T, higher the VP
• Boiling occurs when the absolute pressure in the fluid reaches the vapor
pressure.
Boiling occurs at approximately 100 °C, but it is not only a function of
temperature,
but also of pressure. For example, in Colorado Spring, water boils at
temperatures
less than 100 °C.
Type of Stresses?
Stress = Force /Area
Shear stress/Tangential stress:
The force acting parallel to the surface per unit area
of the surface.
Normal stress:
A force acting perpendicular
to the surface per unit area of
the surface.
Viscosity
It is defined as the resistance of a fluid which is
being deformed by the application of shear stress.
In everyday terms viscosity is “thickness”. Thus,
water is “thin” having a lower viscosity, while honey
is “thick” having a higher viscosity.
m N .s / m 2
n m /s
2
r kg / m 3
1 stoke = 10 - 4 m2/s
• Viscosity is a result of molecular forces within a
fluid.
• For liquid, cohesive forces decrease with increasing
temperature → decreasing μ
• For gas, increasing temperature → increased
molecular activity & shear stress: increasing μ
TYPES OF FLUIDS