Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
FUEL CELL
Presented by :
Ram Kishor Singh
M.Tech (Manufacturing)
Mechanical Department
Roll No. 18205011
Email: ramk@iitk.ac.in 1
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• TYPICAL RANGE
• ADVANTAGES OF FUEL CELLS
• DISADVANTAGES OF FUEL CELLS
• TYPICAL MATERIALS
• INSTALLATION EXAMPLES
• BASICS OF DESIGN METHOD
• REFERENCES
2
INTRODUCTION
• Fuel cell is a device that takes fuel as input and produces electricity as output.
• Converts chemical energy of raw materials into electrical energy.
3
WORKING PRINCIPLE
• Fuel cell consists of electrodes, electrolyte & catalyst to facilitate the
electrochemical redox reaction.
• The pressurized hydrogen gas (H2) entering the fuel cell on the anode side.
• This gas is forced through the catalyst by the pressure. When an H2 molecule comes
in contact with the platinum on the catalyst, it splits into two H+ ions and two
electrons (e-).
• The electrons are conducted through the anode, where they make their way through
the external circuit (doing useful work such as turning a motor) and return to the
cathode side of the fuel cell.
• Meanwhile, on the cathode side of the fuel cell, oxygen gas (O2) is being forced
through the catalyst, where it forms two oxygen atoms.
• Each of these atoms has a strong negative charge.
• This negative charge attracts the two H+ ions through the membrane, where they
combine with an oxygen atom and two of the electrons from the external circuit to
form a water molecule (H2O).
• This reaction in a single fuel cell produces only about 0.7 volts.
• To get this voltage up to a reasonable level, many separate fuel cells must be
combined to form a fuel-cell stack. 4
1. The fuel (direct H2 or reformed H2) undergoes oxidation at anode and
releases electrons.
2. These electrons flow through the external circuit to the cathode.
3. At cathode, oxidant (O2 from air) gets reduced.
4. The electrons produce electricity while passing through the external
circuit.
6
TYPICAL RANGE
7
ADVANTAGES OF FUEL CELLS
8
DISADVANTAGES OF FUEL CELLS
9
TYPICAL MATERIALS
Anode Material: Electrolyte Material:
Barium Zirconate
Iridium-Tantalum coated Titanium Anodes
Calcia Stabilized Zirconia
Lanthanum Nickel Aluminum Alloy Cerium Oxide, Calcium doped
Nickel Cobalt Oxide Nanopowder Nanopowder
Nickel Oxide Cerium Zirconium Oxide Nanopowder
Tin Oxide Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Paste
Lithium Carbonate
Platinum coated Niobium Anodes
10
Sputtering Targets:
Barium Cerium Yttrium Zirconate Sputtering Target
Barium Zirconate Sputtering Target
Lanthanum Manganate Sputtering Target
Lanthanum Strontium Manganese Oxide Sputtering Target
Yttria Doped Ceria Sputtering Target
Current Collectors:
Copper Foam Support Materials:
Copper Wire Calcium Silicate
Gold Paste Carbon Fiber
Gold Wires Graphene
Nickel Foam Silicon Carbide
Silver Wire Tungsten Carbide
11
INSTALLATION EXAMPLES
• The first commercial use of fuel cell was in NASA space program to generate
power for satellites and space capsules.
• They are used to power fuel cell vehicles including automobiles, aero planes, boats
and submarines.
• Transportation: 50 fuel cell buses are currently in use in North and South America,
Europe, Asia and Australia
• Stationary Power Stations
• Telecommunications
• In total there are over 100 fuel cell buses deployed around the world today. Most
buses are produced by UTC Power, Toyota, Ballard, Hydrogenics, and Proton
Motor.
12
UTC Fuel Cells:
5kW fuel cell
power plants for
backup power for
telecommunication
s towers, power for
small businesses,
and residential use.
16
A good cell design is a prerequisite of stack development.
Modelling (FEM, CFD) are helpful tools to enhance cell and stack performance.
Flowfield selection strongly influences performance, condensate removal capability
and pressure drop.
Smaller channel/rib dimensions regularly enhance performance.
Rib width should be in the range of 0.5 to 1 mm.
Channel width should be in the range of 0.4–0.6 mm (0.5mm rib width) resp. 0.7 to
1.2mm (1 mm rib width).
Media distribution channels should have low pressure drop compared to cell pressure
drop.
Endplate design should allow equal compression set.
17
• Fuel Cell Stack Design Issues (I) • Fuel Cell Stack Design Issues (II)
• Avoid Scaling Effects by equal • Uniform distribution of reactants
flow distribution inside each cell
• Achieve Dense Packaging of Cells • Uniform distribution of reactants to
each cell
• Minimize Transport Losses for • Uniform or desired temperature
Fuel and Air distribution in each cell
• Avoid or minimize Shunt Currents • Minimal resistive losses
• Minimize iR losses in current • good electrical contacts
collectors • selection of materials
• Avoid leaks – fuel loss • Account for thermal expansion
• Ease of Fabrication (Design for • No crossover or overboard leaks
manufacture) • Minimum pressure drop (reactant
gases and coolant)
• Material Compatibility • No water accumulation pockets
• Light Weight
18
REFERENCES
19
THANK YOU
20