Second Week Lecture

 Cleaning the instruments
 Attaching the drawing sheet to drawing table after correct

allignment through the drafting edge
 BORDER LINES:
• Perfectly rectangular working space is determined by drawing
the border lines.
• These may be drawn at equal distances of about 1-inch from
top, bottom and right hand edges of the paper and about 2-
inch from the left hand edge.
 TO DRAW BORDER LINES
• Marking the points and draw top and bottom horizontal lines
with the help of drafting edge or T-square
• Marking points on horizontal borders for the vertical lines.
• Erasing the extra lengths of lines beyond the points of
intersection.
www.esnips.com/web/EnggDwgFall2010
 The title block must be drawn in the right hand bottom
corner with 2-inch height and 4-6-inch long, in which
following may be written
• Your name
• Title of the drawing
• Your Class & Section alongwith the registration/roll
number
• Date of submission
 SPACING OF DRAWING:
• If one drawing is to be drawn on a sheet it should be in
the centre of the working space.
• For more than one figure, the space should be divided
into suitable blocks and each figure should be drawn in
the centre of its respective block.
LETTERING:
 Writing of titles, dimensions, notes and other important
particulars on a drawing is called lettering.
 Lettering should be done properly in clear, legible and
uniform style.
 It should be done in plain and simple style so that it
could be done freehand and speedily.
 Use of drawing instruments in lettering takes
considerable time and hence it should be avoided.
SINGLE STROKE LETTERS:
 It is recommended to use single-stroke lettering in
engineering drawing.
 The word single-stroke should not be taken to mean
that the letter should be made in one stroke without
lifting the pencil. It actually means that the thickness of
the line of the letter should be such as is obtained in
one stroke of pencil.
 Horizontal lines should be drawn from LEFT TO RIGHT
 Vertical or inclined lines, from TOP TO BOTTOM.
 Alphabet and numerals should neither touch each
other nor the lines.
 Letters should be so written that they appear upright
from the bottom edge, except when they are used for
dimensioning. For dimensioning, they may appear
upright from the bottom edge or the right hand side or
the corner in between.
 Letters should be so spaced that the area between
letters appear equal.
 Its not necessary to keep the clearances between
adjacent letters equal, e.g. LA, TV or Tr.
 Obtain constant line density. All letters should be
uniform in shape, size, shade and spacing.
 Single stroke letters are of two types:
1. Vertical
2. Inclined
 Inclined letters lean to the right, the slope being 75
degree with the horizontal.
 The size of the letter is described by its height.
 3mm, 5mm, 7mm and 10 mm letter sizez are normally
recommended
 Preferred letter width for corresponding heights are
given as follows
 A dimensioned drawing should provide all the information
necessary for a finished product or part to be
manufactured.
 Dimensions are always drawn using continuous thin lines.
Two projection lines indicate where the dimension starts
and finishes. Projection lines do not touch the object and
are drawn perpendicular to the element you are
dimensioning.
 In general units can be omitted from dimensions if a
statement of the units is included on your drawing.
 The general convention is to dimension in mm's, however
in civil engineering inch or foot is more commonly used
 All dimensions less than 1 should have a leading
zero. i.e. .35 should be written as 0.35
 Extension line
 Dimension line
 Leader line
 Arrowheads
 Dimensions
 Aligned System
• In the aligned sytem, dimensions are placed
perpendicular to the dimension line so that they may be
read from the bottom or right hand side of the drawing
sheet.
 Unidirectional System
• In the unidirectional system, dimensions are placed in
such a way that they can be read from the bottom edge
of the drawing sheet.
 There should be only one dimension between two
extension line on a single dimension line
 All dimensions should be placed outside the views to the
extent possible
 The two dimensioning systems should not be mixed in a
single drawing
 The same unit of length should be used throughout the
drawing, although the scale may be varied if needed
 Dimension lines must not cross each other or with any
other line of the object, however extension lines may cross
each other or any other line of the object
 Drawing should be fully dimensioned , and there should
not be any need to measure or calculation for any
dimension www.esnips.com/web/EnggDwgFall2010
 Redundant and repeated dimensions should be avoided
 Avoid dimensioning hidden lines
 Keep the dimension lines 6-8 mm away from the object line
and from each other
 If the space between the extension lines is too narrow
adopt any of the following
 For dimensioning in series adopt any of the following
• Chain dimensioning
• Parallel dimensioning
• Combined dimensioning
Scale can be expressed in the following two ways.
Engineering Scale
Engineering scale is represented by writing the
relation between the dimension on the drawing and the
corresponding actual dimension of the object itself. It
is expressed as
 1mm=1mm
 1mm=5 m, 1mm=8km
 1mm=0.2mm, 1mm=5µm
The engineering scale is usually written on the
drawings in numerical forms.
Graphical Scale
 Graphical scale is represented by its representative
fraction and is captioned on the drawing itself. As the
drawing becomes old, the drawing sheet may shrink
and the engineering scale would provide inaccurate
results.
 However, the scale made on the drawing sheet along
with drawing of object will shrink in the same relative
proportion. This will always provide an accurate result.
It is a basic advantage gained by graphical
representation of a scale.
Representative fraction is defined as the ratio of the
length of an element of the object in the drawing to the
corresponding actual length of the corresponding
element of the object itself.
RF = Length on Drawing
Actual Length
 Scale 1:1 represents full size scale
 Scale 1:x represents reducing scale
 Scale x:1 represents enlarging scale.
Example 1
If 1 cm length of drawing represents 5m length of the
object than in engineering scale it is written as
1cm=5m and in graphical scale it is denoted by
RF = 1 cm = 1 cm = _1_
5 m 500cm 500
Example 2
If a 5cm long line in the drawing represents 3 km
length of a road then in engineering scale it is written
as 1cm=600m and in graphical scale it is denoted as
RF = 5 cm = ____5 cm _____ = __1__

3 km 3 x 1000 x 100cm 60000
 R.F. of the scale
 The maximum length of scale to be drawn on the
drawing sheet
 The least count of the scale, i.e. minimum length which
the scale should show and measure
 The maximum length of the scale to be drawn on the
drawing sheet is determined by the product of RF and
maximum length to be represented
Scales are classified as
 Plain scale
 Diagonal Scale
 Scale of Chords
 Comparative Scale (plain and Diagonal
Type)
 Vernier Scale
A diagonal scale is used when very minute distances
such as 0.1 mm etc. are to be accurately measured or
when measurements are required in 3 units e.g.
decimeter, centimeter and millimeter or yard, foot and
inch.
Small divisions of short lines are obtained by the

principal of diagonal division
TO TRISECT AN ANGLE
 To trisect given right angle

Second Week Lecture

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Second Week Lecture

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

 Cleaning the instruments

 Attaching the drawing sheet to drawing table after correct

RF = 5 cm = __5 cm _ = 1__

Small divisions of short lines are obtained by the

 To trisect given right angle

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen