Classification and types of

plumbing materials and pipes

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon
Trainer
 CORE I-LO1
CLASSIFICATION OF STEEL PIPES
 Black welded steel pipes and hot-dipped
Galvanized-welded pipes are classified as
follows:
 Light-gauge(LG)
 Heavy Gauge(HG)

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 2

• Required markings as per PNS 26:2003: Each pipe
should be properly marked by rolling, stamping
or stenciling, showing the following:

• Trademark of manufacturer
• Class of pipe(light gauge or heavy gauge)
• Length, m
• Nominal diameter, mm
• Product of the Philippines/PS Mark
• Country of origin/ICC Mark
• Other requirements pursuant to RA 7394 or the
Consumer Act of the Philippines

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 Note:
• All local and imported BI-GI steel pipes
whether with ASTM or any other international
standard markings are still required to comply
with Philippine Laws on Product Standards.

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 APPLICATIONS:
 PNS 26:2003 applies to steel pipes intended
for ordinary applications such as steam,
water, gas and air lines:

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 5

 APPLICATIONS:
 PNS 26:2003 applies to steel pipes intended
for ordinary applications such as steam,
water, gas and air lines:
Steam lines Centralized heating system in restaurants,
hotels, resorts, etc.

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 6

 APPLICATIONS:
 PNS 26:2003 applies to steel pipes intended
for ordinary applications such as steam,
water, gas and air lines:
Steam lines Centralized heating system in restaurants,
hotels, resorts, etc.
Water lines Distribution lines such as water utilities,
irrigation, fire alarm sprinkler system

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 7

 APPLICATIONS:
 PNS 26:2003 applies to steel pipes intended
for ordinary applications such as steam,
water, gas and air lines:
Steam lines Centralized heating system in restaurants,
hotels, resorts, etc.
Water lines Distribution lines such as water utilities,
irrigation, fire alarm sprinkler system
Gas lines Centralized LPG system for hotels and malls,
petroleum and oil refineries

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 8

 APPLICATIONS:
 PNS 26:2003 applies to steel pipes intended
for ordinary applications such as steam,
water, gas and air lines:
Steam lines Centralized heating system in restaurants,
hotels, resorts, etc.
Water lines Distribution lines such as water utilities,
irrigation, fire alarm sprinkler system
Gas lines Centralized LPG system for hotels and malls,
petroleum and oil refineries
Air lines Compressed air supply for assembly plants and
factoriesPrepared
among others
by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 9
 THICKNESS TOLERANCE TABLE FOR
PNS 26:2003:
LIGHT GAUGE PIPES (LG)
Nominal Size(DN) Outside Wall thickness Mass per unit length Plain
mm diameter mm end(kilogram per meter)
mm
1/2 15 21.3 2.0 1.8 0.947 0.852
¾ 20 26.7 2.3 2.07 1.38 1.242
1 25 33.4 2.6 2.34 1.98 1.782
1¼ 32 42.2 2.6 2.34 2.54 2.286
1½ 40 48.3 2.9 2.61 3.23 2.907
2 50 60.3 2.9 2.61 4.08 3.672
2½ 65 73.0 3.2 2.88 5.71 5.139
3 80 88.9 3.2 2.88 6.72 6.048
4 100 114.3 3.6 3.24 9.75 8.775
5 125 141.3 5.0 4.5 16.806 15.125
6 150 168.3 5.0 4.5 20.135 18.122
8 200 219.1 5.8 5.22 30.508 27.457
10 250 273.0 6.6 5.94 43.358 39.022
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12 300 323.8 6.9 6.21 53.922 48.530
 +/- 10% wall thickness tolerance
+/- 10% Mass/Weight tolerance
• For Hot-dipped Galvanized steel pipes, the
zinc coating should be 550g/m² or 78 microns
thickness.
• Note: For LG, color guide is RED.

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 11

 HEAVY GAUGE PIPES (HG)
Nominal Outside diameter Wall thickness Mass per unit length Plain
Size(DN) mm mm end(kilogram per meter)
mm
15 21.3 2.8 2.52 1.277 1.149
20 26.7 2.9 2.61 1.702 1.532
25 33.4 3.4 3.06 2.515 2.264
32 42.2 3.6 3.24 3.427 3.084
40 48.3 3.7 3.33 4.069 3.662
50 60.3 4.0 3.6 5.553 4.998
65 73.0 5.2 4.68 8.694 7.825
80 88.9 5.5 4.95 11.312 10.180
100 114.3 6.0 5.4 16.024 14.426
125 141.3 6.6 5.94 21.923 19.731
150 168.3 7.1 6.39 28.224 25.402
200 219.1 8.2 7.38 42.647 38.382
250 273.0 9.3 8.37 60.476 54.428
300 323.8 10.3 9.27 79.628 71.665

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 +/- 10% wall thickness tolerance
+/- 10% Mass/Weight tolerance
 For Hot-dipped Galvanized steel pipes, the zinc
coating should be 550g/m² or 78 microns
thickness.
 Note: For HG, color guide is either BLUE or
GREEN

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RISKS OF USING UNCERTIFIED/SUB-
STANDARD STEEL PIPE PRODUCTS:

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 14

 RISKS OF USING UNCERTIFIED/SUB-
STANDARD STEEL PIPE PRODUCTS:

Steam May cause

Lines bursting/explosion which
may lead to destruction of
properties and injuries or
even death to people

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 15

 RISKS OF USING UNCERTIFIED/SUB-
STANDARD STEEL PIPE PRODUCTS:
Steam Lines May cause bursting/explosion which may lead to destruction of
properties and injuries or even death to people

Water May cause inconvenience for reworks during

Lines leakage;
May cause abnormal water consumption due
to leaks;
Fire alarm sprinkler system may function
abnormally, hence, in case of fire, may lead to
complete destruction of properties or even
death to people.
Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 16
 RISKS OF USING UNCERTIFIED/SUB-
STANDARD STEEL PIPE PRODUCTS:
Steam Lines May cause bursting/explosion which may lead to destruction of
properties and injuries or even death to people
Water Lines May cause inconvenience for reworks during leakage;
May cause abnormal water consumption due to leaks;
Fire alarm sprinkler system may function abnormally, hence, in
case of fire, may lead to complete destruction of properties or
even death to people.

Gas May cause bursting/explosion

Lines
which may lead to destruction of
properties and injuries or even
death to people
Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 17
 Steam May cause bursting/explosion which may lead to destruction of
Lines properties and injuries or even death to people

Water May cause inconvenience for reworks during leakage;

Lines May cause abnormal water consumption due to leaks;
Fire alarm sprinkler system may function abnormally,
hence, in case of fire, may lead to complete destruction of
properties or even death to people.

Gas Lines May cause bursting/explosion which may lead to

destruction of properties and injuries or even death to
people
Air Lines This may entail excessive additional costs to generate
compressed air as the compressor will take a long time
running to fill up the pressure tank or worst, pipe will burst
or explode and therefore may lead to injuries or even
death to people.
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 Reference:
• Phil. Assn. of Black Iron & Galvanized Iron
Pipes & Tubes Manufacturers, INC.

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KINDS OF PIPE

 Ductile iron

 Plastic (HDPE/PVC)

 Concrete

20
 Steel

 Residential (copper or plastic)

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 Types of Plastic Pipes
• The plumbing industry primarily uses six types
of plastic pipes, each of which has a different
application and installation requirement.

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 ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene) Pipes:
Made from the thermoplastic resin, ABS is the
standard materials for many types of DWV
systems. Some of its features are as follows:
• As ABS is light, it is easy to handle and install.
• It is highly resistant to household chemicals. In
tests, it showed no effect from common products
such as detergent, bleach, and household drain
cleaners.

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 ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene
styrene) Pipes:
• Sewage treatment plants use ABS because it
stands up to the highly corrosive and abrasive
liquid commonly found in such systems.
• ABS is strong and long lasting.

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 PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) Pipes:
• A rigid pipe with high impact strength, PVC is
manufactured from thermoplastic materials.
This material has an indefinite lifespan under
most conditions.
Plumbers frequently use PVC in cold water
systems. PVC is interchangeable with ABS pipe
for DWV system.
It is also used to transport many chemicals
because of its chemical resistant properties.

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 PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) Pipes:
• Note:
Solid core PVC pipes can be used in high
pressure systems, but only to carry low
temperature water.

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 CPVC (Chlorinated polyvinyl
chloride) Pipes:
• CPVC pipes and fittings are made from an
engineered vinyl polymer. Plumbers use CPVC
in hot and cold water distribution systems.
CPVC is acceptable for indoor use.

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 26

 CPVC (Chlorinated polyvinyl
chloride) Pipes:
• Some of the features of CPVC include the
following:
• Its molecular structure practically eliminates
condensation in the summer and heat loss in
the winter.
• It is lightweight and easy to install.
• Its strength is a clear advantage for
plumbers working in cold weather.

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 27

 PE (Polyethylene) Pipes:
• PE is a thermosetting plastic. Plumbers
commonly use PE for tubing because of its
strength, flexibility, and chemical resistant
properties.
PE is also corrosion-resistant which makes it
ideal for transporting chemical compounds.
Furthermore, PE does not deteriorate when
exposed to sunlight

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 PEX (Cross-linked polyethylene)
Pipes:
• PEX tubing is formed when high density
polyethylene is subjected to heat and high
pressure.

Plumbers commonly use PEX for manifold

plumbing distribution systems because of its
flexibility.

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 PB (Polyebutylene) Pipes:
• PB is a thermoplastic pipe that plumbers used
extensively for water supply piping from the
late-1970s to the mid-1990s. In many cases,
the PB piping has become weak and failed
without warning.

Prepared by: Manny P. Daleon-Trainer 30

 PPR
• "polypropylene random”
• PPR - Presently PP-R pipes & fittings are most
reliable in plumbing and water supply plants,
due to their chemical features and fusion
welding, which ensures the plumbing to have
a perfect seal tight system. It can be used both
as a cold water pipe or a hot water pipe.

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 PPR
• PPR is joined by heating both the socket and
the pipe. When melted, both parts are joined
together to become one. Here is a fusion
welder:

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FUSION WELDER

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 PPR

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 PPR

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 PIPE STRENGTH

 Different pipes have different sizes and thicknesses

 Must use correct pipe to handle trench depth,

bedding type, and live loads

 Must place pipe below the frost line to prevent

freezing/breakage

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JOINTS

 Compression

 Mechanical

 Flanged

 Solvent

 Soldered

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