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January 14, 2019 | 10:30-11:30

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learner:

i. calculates the mean of a discrete random variable


(M11/12SP-IIIb-1); and
ii: interprets the mean of a discrete random variable
(M11/12SP-IIIb-2)
Review

MEASURES OF
CENTRAL TENDENCY
MEAN MODE
MEDIAN
Mean- refers to the average;
Median- the middle value in the list
of numbers.
Mode- the value that occurs most
often
Range
-the difference between the
highest and the lowest number.
Task: Find the mean, median, mode and
range of the following set of numbers.
Science: The following are the temperatures recorded
in ℃ (degrees Celsius) last week January 6-12, 2019,
respectively. (source:abs-cbn.com)

37, 36, 38, 36, 35, 35, 36


Mean=(37+36+38+36+35+35+36)/7

𝑋=36.14
Median-36
Arranging in ascending order:
35, 35, 36, 36, 36, 37, 38
Mode (appears most often)- 36
Range= highest number- lowest number
Range- 38-35=3
Mean of a discrete
probability distribution
calculates the population
mean and not the sample
mean.
Uses/Application of Mean
Mean is essentially the model in the set of
data.
It is also the value that is most common.
Finding for the mean is important because it
includes every value in the set of data, and it
serves a yardstick in an observation.
“How Much Ice Cream Can you Sell?”
Situation:
James has just started a new business selling ice cream
from an ice cream cart. His cart has a limited amount of space
in it, so in the beginning, he decided to start each day with 100
servings of vanilla ice cream, 100 servings of chocolate ice
cream, and 100 servings of strawberry ice cream. However,
after a few weeks, he notices that on lots of days, he runs out
of vanilla ice cream early and still has some strawberry and
chocolate left. He has to go home and refill his ice cream cart
with vanilla a long time before he runs out of the other flavors.
He thinks he could make more money and eliminate his extra
trips to resupply the ice cream cart if he could just figure out
exactly how much of each type of ice cream to stock each day.
Vanilla Chocolate Strawberry
Day 1 130 70 50
Day 2 120 50 50
To solve his Day 3 180 90 80
problem, James records Day 4 190 100 40
the total amount of Day 5 150 70 50
vanilla, chocolate, and Day 6 160 50 60
strawberry ice cream he Day 7 140 40 30
sold each day for two Day 8 170 80 30
weeks. The data he
Day 9 160 70 60
collected is shown in the
table: Day 10 180 100 70
Day 11 160 50 30
Day 12 190 50 40
Day 13 150 70 70
Day 14 140 40 50
Vanilla Probability
Probability
Number
Number (x)
(x) Frequency
Frequency
Day 1 130 P(x)
P(x)
Day 2 120 𝟏
120
120 11 =0.071
Day 3 180 𝟏𝟒
𝟏
Day 4 190 130
130 11 =0.071
𝟏𝟒
Day 5 150 𝟐
140
140 22 =0.143
Day 6 160 𝟏𝟒
Day 7 140 150
150 22 𝟐
=0.143
Day 8 170 𝟏𝟒
Day 9 160 160
160 33 𝟑
=0.214
𝟏𝟒
Day 10 180 170 11 𝟏
Day 11 160 170 =0.071
𝟏𝟒
Day 12 190 180 2 𝟐
180 2 =0.143
Day 13 150 𝟏𝟒
Day 14 140
190 2 𝟐
190 2 =0.143
𝟏𝟒
The number of ice cream servings that James
should put in his cart is an example of a discrete
random variable because there are only certain values
that are possible (120, 130, 140, etc.), so this represents
a discrete probability distribution.

0.071 + 0.071 + 0.143 + 0.143+ 0.214 + 0.071 + 0.143 +


0.143= 1.000
He can use the expected value function to
calculate how many ice cream servings he can
expect to need on an average day.
To use the expected value function,
multiply each amount (xi) by the probability
that he will use that amount of ice cream in a
given day (pi). Then, add all of these value
together.
Probability
Probability x∙P(x)
Number (x)
Number (x) Frequency
Frequency x∙P(x)
P(x)
P(x)
𝟏𝟏
120
120 1 =0.071
=0.071 120(0.071)=8.25
𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟏
130
130 1 =0.071
=0.071 130(0.071)=9.23
𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟒
𝟐𝟐
140
140 2 =0.143
=0.143 140(0.143)=20.02
𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟒
𝟐𝟐
150
150 2 =0.143
=0.143 150(0.143)=21.45
𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟒
𝟑𝟑
160
160 3 =0.214
=0.214 160(0.214)=34.24
𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟏
170
170 1 =0.071
=0.071 170(0.071)=12.07
𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟒
𝟐𝟐
180
180 2 =0.143
=0.143 180(0.143)=25.74
𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟒
𝟐𝟐
190
190 2 =0.143
=0.143 190(0.143)=27.17
𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟒
Using James's data, the expected value function gives:
E(x) = (120)(0.071) + (130)(0.071) + (140)(0.143) +
(150)(0.214) + (160)(0.071) + (170)(0.143) +
(180)(0.143)

E(x) = 8.25+ 9.23+ 20.02+ 21.45+ 34.24+ 12.07+ 25.74+


27.17 = 158.17

Therefore, the expected value is 158.


The value given by the expected value
function also represents the mean of the
data set. This means that, on average,
James can expect to need about 158
servings of vanilla ice cream in his cart
each day.
The mean of the discrete random
variables, also known as the expected
value, is the weighted average of all
possible values of the random variables.
The symbol used for the mean is 𝝁.
The formula for the mean of the Probability
Distribution:
𝝁 = 𝑿𝟏 ∙ 𝑷(𝑿𝟏 ) + 𝑿𝟐 ∙ 𝑷(𝑿𝟐 )+ + 𝑿𝟑 ∙ 𝑷(𝑿𝟑 )+ … + 𝑿𝒏 ∙ 𝑷(𝑿𝒏 )
or
𝝁 = ෍ 𝑿 ∙ 𝑷(𝑿)

where:
𝑋1, 𝑋2, 𝑋3,…, 𝑋𝑛 are the values of the random variable X; and
𝑃(𝑋1 ), 𝑃 𝑋2 , 𝑃 𝑋3 , … , 𝑃(𝑋𝑛 ) are the corresponding
probabilities.
Example:
1. “Number of Spots”
Consider rolling a die. What is the
average number of spots that would
appear?
Number of
Probability P(X)
Spots (X)
1
Step 1: Construct the 1
6
probability distribution 2
2
1
of the random variable X 3
6
1
representing the number 3
6
4
of spots that would 4
1
appear. 5 6
1
5
6 6
1
6
6
Number of
Number of
Probability P(X)
Probability P(X) 𝑋 ∙∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
𝑋 𝑃(𝑋)
Spots (X)
Spots (X)
1
Step 2: Multiply 11
11
66 6
the value of the 11 2
22
random variable 66 6
X representing 33
11 3
66 6
the number of 11 4
spots that would 44
66 6
appear. 55
11 5
66 6
11 6
66
66 6
Step 3: Add the results obtained in step 2.
1 2 3 4 5 6
σ𝑋 ∙𝑃 𝑋 = + + + + +
6 6 6 6 6 6

𝟐𝟏
෍𝑿 ∙𝑷 𝑿 = = 𝟑. 𝟓
𝟔
The mean tells us the average number of spots
that would appear is 3.5.
Exercise No. 2 (By pair)
2. “GROCERY ITEMS”
The probabilities that a customer will buy 1, 2,
3, 4 or 5 items in a grocery store are
3 1 1 2 3
, , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 , respectively. What is the
10 10 10 10 10
average number of items that a customer will buy?
Number
Probability
of Items 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
P(X)
(X)
1 3/10 3/10

2 1/10 2/10 31
෍𝑋 ∙𝑃 𝑋 = = 3.1
10
3 1/10 3/10

4 2/10 8/10

5 3/10 15/10
ACTIVITY (BY GROUP)
1. “Surgery Patients”
The probabilities that a surgeon operates on 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7
patients in any day are 0.15, 0.10, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30, respectively.
Find the average number of patients that a surgeon operates on a day.
2. Complete the table below and find the mean of the following
probability distribution. X P(X) 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)
1
1
7
1
6
7
3
11
7
1
16
7
1
21
7
Reflect:
1. What does the mean of a probability
distribution tell us? How do you interpret
the mean of a probability distribution?

2. Why is it that the values of a discrete


random variable are expressed in whole
numbers but the mean of the probability
distribution are most of the time expressed in
decimal numbers?
Assignment:
1. Based on the previous activity (How much ice cream can you
sell?), estimate how much strawberry and chocolate ice cream
James should put in his cart each morning. The data are as
Chocolate Strawberry
follows: Day 1 70 50
Day 2 50 50
Day 3 90 80
Day 4 100 40
Day 5 70 50
Day 6 50 60
Day 7 40 30
Day 8 80 30
Day 9 70 60
Day 10 100 70
Day 11 50 30
Day 12 50 40
Day 13 70 70
Day 14 40 50
2. According to your own interest (Sports,
Science, Maritime, Art, Literature, etc.), look for
a set of data in the internet or books related to
the topic discussed and solve for its mean. Be
able to present it to the class the next day.

3. Answer the activities in the ACTIVITY SHEET.


Thank you for listening!
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