Illustration of the delta modulation process

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 DM system.
(a) Transmitter. (b)
Receiver.

Digital Communication Systems 2012

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 Discussion
• Consider the max slope
of the input signal m(t)
• To increase the samples  dm(t )
 max
{mq[n]} as fast as the Ts dt
input signal in its max
slope region the (3.58)
following condition otherwise the
step-size Δ is too
should be fulfilled: small

Digital Communication Systems 2012

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 Granular Noise
• In contrast to slope overhead
• Occurs when step size is too large
• Usually relatively flat segment of the signal
• Analogous to quantization noise in PCM systems

Digital Communication Systems 2012

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 Comparison of PCM and DM
Techniques
S. No. Parameter PCM DPCM DM ADM
1. Number of bits per 4/8/16 bits More than one bit One bit One bit
sample but less than PCM

2. Number of levels Depends on number Fixed number of Two levels Two levels
of bits levels
3. Step size Fixed or variable Fixed or variable Fixed Variable

4. Transmission More bandwidth Lesser than PCM Lowest Lowest

bandwidth needed
5. Feedback Does not exist Exists Exists Exists
6. Quantization Quantization noise Quantization noise slope overload Quantization noise
noise/distortion depends on number & slope overload & granular only
of bits noise
7. Complexity of Complex Simple Simple Simple
implementation