FORMWORK

FORM WORK

• Formwork is a die or a mould including all

supporting structures, used to shape and support
the concrete until it gains sufficient strength to carry
its own weight.
• It should carry all imposed loads.
• It is used since the beginning of concrete
construction.
• Newly materials such as steel, plastic and fiber glass
is used as form work.
REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD FORMWORK

• How good formwork can be erected and de-

shuttered fast.

• How good concrete quality and surface finish can

be achieved.

• What is the optimum stock of formwork required for

the size of work force and the specified time
schedule
 CONT…..

• What is the overall cost savings that can be

achieved using the right type of formwork.

• How SAFETY can be improved for the site

personnel.

• It should be strong enough to resist all kind of loads.

• Joints should be leakage free.

 FOR SUCCESSFUL FUNCTION OF
FORMWORK
• formwork must achieve a balance of following
requirements:
• Containment
• Strength
• Resistance To Leakage
• Accuracy
• Ease Of Handling
• Finish And Reuse Potential
• Access For Concerted
• Economy
 LOADS ON FORMWORK

• The formwork must bear the following types of

loads:

• Dead load of casted concrete load.

• Hydrostatic pressure of concrete.
• Live load of the working labors.
• The impact of casting.
• Vibration during compaction.
 TYPES OF FORMWORK

• The commonly used material is timber

• Other types of formwork includes
• Timber Forms
• Plywood forms
• Hardboard forms
• Aluminum forms
• Plastic forms
• Steel forms
 TIMBER FORMWORK

• Timber is required for practically all jobs of formwork.

The timber bring used for formwork must satisfy the
following requirements:
• It should be durable
• It should have sufficient strength characteristics
• It should be light weight and well seasoned without
warping,
• It should hold nails well.
 ADVANTAGES

• It is economical for small construction jobs

• It is design flexible and easy to erect
• It has good thermal insulation which makes it useful
to be used in colder Regions
• It can easily be made into any shape or size
• it has smooth and even surface on all faces.
TIMBER FORMWORK
 PLYWOOD FORMS

• It is easy to cut, shape and assemble at the site.

• It can be used many times
• A common size of plywood is 18mm which is
normally sufficient for most pours.
• In case of curved element of structure a thinner
plywood is used to facilitate bending.
• Plywood is bonded with water proof and water
bound glue.
PLYWOOD FORMS
 ALUMINIUM FORMS

• Forms made from aluminum are in many respects

similar to those made of steel.

• However, because of their lower density, aluminum

forms are lighter than steel forms, and this is their
primary advantage when compared to steel.

• As the strength of aluminum in handling, tension

and compression is less than the strength of steel, it
is necessary to use large sections.

• The formwork turns out to be economical if large

numbers of reuses are made in construction.
 ALUMINUM FORMS

• The major disadvantage of aluminum forms is that

no changes can be made once the formwork is
fabricated.
 PLASTIC FORMS

• These forms have become increasingly popular for

casting unique shapes and patterns being
designed in concrete because of the excellent
finish obtained requiring minimum or no surface
treatment and repairs.
• Different types of plastic forms are available like
glass reinforced plastic, fiber reinforced plastic and
thermoplastics etc.
 ADVANTAGES

• The material allows greater freedom of design

• Unusual textures and designs can be molded into
the form
• Because sections can be joined on the job site in
such a way so as to eliminate joints, there is no size
limitation
• If carefully handled, a number of reuses are possible
making it highly Economical.
• It is lightweight and easily stripped.
PLASTIC FORMS
 STEEL FORMWORK

• Mostly used in large construction projects or in

situations where large number of re-uses of the
same shuttering is possible. Suitable for circular or
curved shaped structures such as tanks, columns,
chimneys. Etc. & for structures like sewer tunnel and
retaining wall
 ADVANTAGES

• strong, durable & have longer life

• Reuses can be assumed to vary from 100 to 120
whereas timber varies from 10 to 12.
• Steel can be installed & dismantled with greater
ease & speed resulting in saving in labour cost.
• Excellent quality of exposed concrete surface
obtained. Thus saving in the cost of
finishing the conc. surface.
• no danger of formwork absorbing water from the
conc. & hence minimizing honeycombing
STEEL FORMS
DURATION OF FORMWORK REMOVAL

• WALLS COLUMNS & VERTICAL SIDES

OF BEAMS 1-2 DAY
• SLABS 3 DAYS
• BEAM SOFFIT 7 DAYS

• REMOVAL OF PROPS TO SLABS

• A) SLAB SPANNINIG UPTO 4.5M 7 DAYS
• B) SLAB SPANNINIG OVER 4.5M 14 DAYS

• REMOVAL OF PROPS TO BEAMS AND ARCHES

• A) SPANNING UPTO 6 MTS 14 DAYS
• B) SPANNING OVER 6 MTS 21 DAYS
 CALCULATION OF FORMWORK

• The formwork is measured in terms of area that is in

contact with the concrete surface.
PARTS OF FORMWORK FOR BEAM AND
SLAB