Presented by-

Tasawur Hashim 01
Salman Aslam 02
Tasin Asif 04
Sikandar Ali 15
COMMERCE
 Commerce is a division of trade or
production which deals with the
exchange of goods and servicesfrom
producer to final consumer .
E-COMMERCE
 It is commonly known as electronic marketing.

 It consist of buying and selling goods and services over

an electronic system such as the internet.
 THE PROCESS OF E-COMMERCE
1. Order placed by customer

2. Added to cart

3. Payment process and method

4. Order completed

5. Email sent to merchant and customer

6. Shipment process

7. Order delivered
THE PROCESS OF E-COMMERCE
Different types of e-commerce

 Business-to-business (B2B)
 Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
 Business-to-government (B2G)
 Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
 Mobile commerce (m-commerce)
What is B2B e-commerce?
 B2B is ecommerce between companies. About 80%
of e-commerce is of this type.
 Examples:
 Intel selling microprocessor to Dell
 Heinz selling ketchup to Mc Donalds
What is B2C ecommerce?
 Business-to-consumer e-commerce
 Customers gathering information
 Purchasing physical goods
 Receiving through electronic network
 Example:
 Dell selling me a laptop
What is B2G ecommerce?
• Commerce between companies and public sector
• Public procurement through internet
• Licensing procedures through internet
• Other goverment related operation
 Example:
 Business pay taxes, file reports, or sell goods and services
to Govt. agencies.
What is C2C ecommerce?
 C2C is simply commerce between private
individuals or consumers.
 Example:
 Mary buying an iPod from Tom oneBay
 Me selling acar to my neighbour
What is m-commerce?
 M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying
and selling of goods and services through wireless
technology.
 Mobile Ticketing
 Information Services
 Mobile Banking
ADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE
 Faster buying/selling procedure
 Buying/selling 24/7.
 Easy access to customers, there is no theoretical
geographic limitations.
 Low operational costs
 better quality of services.
 No need of physical companyset-ups.
 Easy to start and manage a business.
 Customers can easily select product.
 Comparison of products
DISADVANTAGES OF E-COMMERCE
 Unable to examine productspersonally

 Not everyone is connected to the Internet

 There is the possibility of credit card number theft

 Mechanical failures can cause unpredictable effects on

the total processes.
 Trade cycle
A trade cycle is the series of
exchange, between a customer
and supplier that takes place
when a exchange is executed.
Trade cycle
It can be applied to all, or to different phases of the trade cycle

The trade cycle various depending on

1 . The nature of the organizations

2 . Frequency of trade between the partners to exchange

3 . The nature of goods and services being exchanged

Conducting a commercial transaction involves the following steps:

Pre-Sale:
Search - finding a supplier
Negotiate – agreeing the terms
Execution:
Order
Delivery
Settlement:
Invoice
Payment
After-sales:
warrantee and service
 Pre-sale

Finding a supplier and agreeing theterms. It

is a search and negotiatephase
 Execution

Selecting goods and taking deliver y.

It is order and delivery phase
Settlement

Invoice ( if any ) and payment

After-sale
service
Following up complaints orproviding
maintenance.
It is a service and warrantee phase
The three generic trade cycles can be identified:

1) Regular, repeat transactions (repeat trade cycle)

)
2) Irregular transactions , Where execution & settlement
are separated(created transaction)
3) Irregular transaction , where execution & settlement are
combined(cash transaction)
Thank
you