Planar p–n homojunction perovskite solar

cells with efficiency exceeding 21.3%

Authors: Peng Cui, Dong Wei, Jun Ji, Hao Huang, Endong Jia, Shangyi Dou,
Tianyue Wang, Wenjing Wang and Meicheng Li
Nature Energy
Impact Factor: 46.859
Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2019, Pages 150-159

Presented By
MD Shahinur Alam
Roll: 1503070
Department of EEE, KUET
 Introduction
 Familiarization
 Existing Model
 Proposed Model
 Experimental Evidence
 Results
Solar Cell:

 Photogeneration of charge carriers (electrons and

holes) in a light-absorbing material
 Separation of the charge carriers to a conductive contact that
will transmit the electricity

Materials Used:

 Silicon
 GaAs
 CdTe
 CuInSe2
Advantages:

 Efficient (15%-25%)
 Long Lifespan
 Space Efficient

Limitations:

 Expensive
 Needs Heavy Panels
 No Improvements
Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC): Organo-Metal Halide Perovskite

Perovskite:

 Mineral that was first found in the Ural Mountains

 Named after Lev Perovski
 Composed of calcium, titanium and oxygen in the form CaTiO3
 Perovskite structure is anything that has the generic form ABX3
 Has the same crystallographic structure as perovskite (The
mineral)
 Perovskite and perovskite structure are used interchangeably

A = An organic cation - methylammonium (CH3NH3)+

B = A big inorganic cation - usually lead(II) (Pb2+ )
X3= A slightly smaller halogen anion – usually chloride (Cl− ) or
iodide (I − )
Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC):

Why Perovskite Solar Cell:

 Efficiency has increased from 3.8% (2009) to 21.3% (2017)

 Cheaper to produce than Silicon
 Very efficient light absorber
 Processable from solutions
 Can be put on flexible substrates
 Lightweight

Challenges:
 Poor thermal stability
 Poor stability to moisture
 Toxicity
Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC):

Why Perovskite Solar Cell:

 Efficiency has increased from 3.8% (2009) to 21.3% (2017)

 Cheaper to produce than Silicon
 Very efficient light absorber
 Processable from solutions
 Can be put on flexible substrates
 Lightweight

Challenges:
 Poor thermal stability
 Poor stability to moisture
 Toxicity
Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC):

Structure Includes:

 Perovskite Materials
 Electrodes
 Electron Transport Materials (ETM)
 Hole Transport Materials (HTM)

Perovskite Material : Methylammonium (MA)

Electrodes: Cathode: Flourine Doped Tin Oxaide (FTO)
Anode: Gold (Au)
ETM: Compact TiO2
HTM: Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2,7,7-Tetrakis (N,N-di-4-
methoxyphenylamino) -9,9-spirobiflourine)
Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC):

Structure Includes:

 N-type Perovskite
 P-type Perovskite
 Electrodes
 Electron Transport Materials
 Hole Transport Materials

N-type Perovskite: MAPbI3 films with Pb2+ -

rich/MA+ deficient/I + -deficient precursors

P-type Perovskite: MAPbI3 films with MA+ -rich/

Pb2+ -deficient precursors
Carrier Generation and Recombination:

Working Principle:

 Photons are absorbed

 Photo-induced carriers are
generated
 Electrons and holes at the
homojunction drift in opposite
directions
 Electrons are injected
into the compact TiO2 layer (ETL)
 Transported to the FTO cathode
 Holes are injected into
the spiro-OMeTAD layer (HTL)
a) Energy bandgap diagram
 Transported to the Au anode
b) Carrier generation and transportation
c) Simulated generation and recombination rates of carriers
on illumination and under short circuit condition
Optoelectronic properties :

 The energetic levels of the

corresponding n-type (blue) and p-type
(orange) perovskite films. CB, conduction
band; VB, valence band.

 The carrier concentration (red symbols)

and mobility (black symbols) for electrons
(circle) and holes (square) in the
perovskite films extracted by Hall
measurements
Optoelectronic properties :

 Steady Photoluminescence spectra of n-type

perovskite film (black line) and homojunction
film (n-type perovskite/ p-type perovskite, red
line)
The homojunction-enhanced solar cell performance :

 J–V curves of the MAPbI3 PSCs

The homojunction-enhanced solar cell performance :

 Steady-state photocurrent and efficiency at the

maximum power point (0.95 V) for the
optimized MAPbI3 homojunction PSC
The homojunction-enhanced solar cell performance :

 PCEs of 45 MAPbI3 standard p–i–n PSCs and 45

MAPbI3 homojunction PSCs
Conventional silicon cells require ultra-high-purity silicon and the cells are made through energy
intensive crystal growth and vapor deposit methods. Silicon solar cells use 1,000 times more light-
absorbing material than perovskite cells, sustaining a higher cost. Perovskite may be the low-cost
solution to solar cells. Perovskite solar cells have garnered more attention in the past few years
than other types of emergent photovoltaic technologies. Unlike the other emerging technologies,
which crept up over several years to the 10% efficiency range, perovskite solar-cell efficiencies
soared in just a couple of years to more than 22% efficiency. While standard solar panels are 25%
efficient. So if the challenges are met this can be the future of solar cell technology.