High Speed Rail

Kamlesh Gosai,
Professor (IT)

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 Outline of presentation
Definition

Components of High Speed Rail

High Speed Rail Benefits

World Scenario

Developments in India

Issues

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 Source
• http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&
id=0,1,304,366,554,1964,1966
• https://uic.org/spip.php?page=recherche&recherche=high+speed
• https://www.nhsrcl.in/feasibility-report
• http://planning.kar.nic.in/docs/SDG/Technology%20Vision%202035.pdf

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 Technology Vision 2035 - TIFAC

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 http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/stat_econ/IRSP_2016-17/Year_Book_Eng/5.pdf
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 What is High Speed Rail?
Definitions
• High Speed train is a train with a
much higher average and
maximum speed than other trains
• The most common definition of a
high speed train is one which has a
maximum speed of more than 200
Kmph and an average speed of
more than 190 Kmph
• High Speed Rail is a type of
Passenger rail transport system
that operates at a significantly
higher speed than the normal
speed of other train
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Definitions
• European Union definition, in
directive 96/48,encompasses a
number of systems like rolling
stock, infrastructure and operating
conditions that runs a train at or
above 250 kmph on new tracks
and 220 kmph on upgraded tracks
• Source -The High Speed definition
of the European Union
(http://www.uic.org)
6
Components of High Speed Rail

Components • Infrastructure
• Station Location and Development
Very Critical • Rolling Stock
• Operating Systems
for High • Marketing
Speed Rail • Maintenance Practices
• Financing Model
System • Management
• Legal Issues

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High Speed Rail Benefits

Environmental
friendly- Better
Land use, Low
Carbon
Emissions and Helps in
Reduction in Energy economic
journey time Efficiency development

Creates High Highly safe

capacity to
transport
people

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High Speed Rail Benefits

Enhanced
market Share Low External Industrial
for Rail Costs Innovations

Lower Cost of Urbanisation :

Transportation Labour
Mobility , Real
Estate , Service
Sector
Development

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 Safety Performance

No fatal accidents in 50 plus years of high speed history in Japan

Safety evolution in European railways

2.50

Passengers injured
2.00 in accidents per

Billion passenger km

1.50

Classic railways
1.00

0.50

High speed rail (250 km/h or more)

0.00

71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20

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 Land occupancy

Average HSR 3.2 ha/km

Average motorways 9.3 ha/km

In China HSR land use is 10% of highways

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Energy efficiency comparison

Traffic units carried (number of passengers * km) for one unit of

180 170 energy (kilo-equivalent of petrol, kep)

(1 kWh = 0,086 kep)

160

Source: SNCF, ADEME, 1997

140
Traffic units

120
106
China CRH EMU train consumes 50% of energy
consumed by bus and 18% of airplane
100 90

80

52,5 54,1
60
39
40
20
20

0
Fast Commuter Regional Bus P. car Plane
HST
train train train

Rail Others

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Comparison of Carbon Emissions

Magnitude of CO2 emissions per person

(in a 600 km trip):
• 80 kg if travelling by plane
(the weight of the passenger)

• 13 kg if travelling by high speed train

(the weight of his/her suitcase)

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HSR Drives Urbanisation

• HSR covers 93% of capital cities of provinces

and 80% of the cities with population of
500,000
• Enhanced mobility of work force with time
Chinese savings: On Wuhan-Guangzhou the time saving
benefits is RMB 7.2 billion per year
Experience • Reduced Cost of transportation : Average drop in
highway passenger transport ticket fares is 30%
on many routes
• Real estate Development : In Tianjin commercial
value increased by 16% and retail sales by 20%

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 High Speed Rail Versus Air
• Rail travel time is less than 2h, HSR completely
dominates the market-Paris-Brussels route
• Rail travel time is between 2h and 3h30
minutes, rail is the dominant mode
• Rail travel time is between 3h30 and 5h, air is
the dominant mode
• Rail travel time is more than 5h, rail becomes
a marginal actor compared to air

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 Modal Market Share before and after HSR
Sector Mode % before HSR % after HSR

Paris -Lyon Road 29 21

Rail 40 3
HSR 0 70
Air 31 6
Madrid -Seville Road 44 30

Rail 16 1
HSR 0 61
Air 40 8
Hamburg-Frankfurt Road 57 45
Rail 23 3
HSR 0 48
Air 10 4

Source: Adapted from Gallois and Lopez Pita et al (2005-06 )

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 High Speed Rail – World Scenario

1964 – 1st October world’s first High

Speed Train service from Tokyo to Osaka

46,483 Km of High Speed lines (January

2019)

4,816 High Speed Train sets in operation

(September 2018)

574.8 Km/H World speed record (France

2007)

320 Km/H Maximum speed in revenue

operation (April 2015)

Source - www.uic.org/highspeed

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 High Speed Rail – 19th & 20th Century

07-03-2019 Source-uic-high-speed-2018.pdf 18
 High Speed Rail – 21st Century

07-03-2019 Source-uic-high-speed-2018.pdf 19
 High Speed Rail Lines

• In operation = 46,483

Total •
•
•
Under construction = 11,438
Planned = 11,223
Long-term planned = 29,763

World • Total of World = 98,907

• Up to 14th January 2019

Km • Source :
https://uic.org/IMG/pdf/20190114_high_
speed_lines_in_the_world.pdf

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High Speed Rail - China

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High Speed Rail - Japan

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High Speed Rail - France

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High Speed Rail - Europe

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World High Speed Railway
Country Year, the first Maximum Maximum Total Length Track gauge
operation speed (km/h) speed (km/h) (km) (mm)
(at the time (up to now)
of the first
operation)
Japan 1964 210 320 2388 1435
France 1981 260 320 2036 1435
Italy 1988 250 300 923 1435
Germany 1991 250 300 1334 1435
Spain 1992 250 300 2515 1435
Belgium 1997 300 300 209 1435
United Kingdom 2003 300 300 113 1435
South Korea 2004 300 300 412 1435
Taiwan 2007 300 300 345 1435
Switzerland 2007 250 250 35 1435
China 2008 350 350 9867 1435
Turkey 2009 250 250 444 1435
The Netherlands 2009 300 300 120 1435
Austria 2012 230 250 93 1435
Russia 2009 250 250 650 1520

Total HSR in operation in 2013-21,472 km., 2015-29,792 Km By Source; UIC, Study Team
2025 HSR network will exceed 51,000 km world over.
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07-03-2019 26
07-03-2019 Source-uic-high-speed-2018.pdf 27
07-03-2019 28
07-03-2019 Source-uic-high-speed-2018.pdf 29
 High Speed - Billion PKM

Source: https://uic.org/IMG/pdf/high_speed_passenger-km_20171130_.pdf
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 High Speed Rail – Evolution in India
Budget Route Route length (km)

Railway Budget 2007-08 Delhi-Amritsar 450

Ahmedabad-Mumbai-Pune 650

Hyderabad-Vijayawada-Chennai 664

Chennai-Bangalore-Ernakulam 649

Howrah-Haldia 135

Railway Budget 2009-10 Delhi–Patna 991

Kerala State Budget 2009-10 Thiruvananthapuram-Kasargod-Mangalore 585

Kerala Government’s request to Central Chennai-Bangalore-Ernakulam- 850

Government Thiruvananthapuram
Railway Budget 2012-13 Delhi-Jaipur-Ajmer-Jodhpur 591

Railway Budget 2013-14 Mumbai-Ahmedabad 534

Railway Budget 2014-15 The Diamond Quadrilateral – to connect Delhi, 10,000

Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai, and to connect
the two diagonals

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 High Speed Rail – Evolution in India
National High
Speed Rail
Corporation
incorporated on
High Speed Rail February 12, 2016
Corporation of India to implement
Ltd. (HSRC) – SPV Mumbai –
and a subsidiary of Launched on Ahmedabad High
RVNL October 29,2013 Speed Rail

Incorporated on MOU with JICA on

July 25,2012 October 7,2013 for
conducting
feasibility study for
Mumbai –
Ahmedabad HSR
system

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 CCEA Decision ( December 2015)

• Sanction of 508 km Mumbai-Ahmedabad HSR Project at

an estimated cost of Rs 97,636 cr.
• Adoption of Japanese high speed technologies (the
Shinkansen system)
Salient • Prime contractors for selected packages to be Japanese
or Japanese led joint venture with Indian Partners
• Identified goods to be sourced from Japan
Features • Loan repayment period of 50 years with 15 years grace
and 0.1% interest
• Transfer of technology for construction and also for
manufacture of rolling stock, systems and other
components in India to promote ‘Make in India’

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 CCEA Decision ( December 2015)

• Setting up a new Special Purpose Vehicle on

the lines of DMRC with equity participation
from Ministry of Railways (50), State
Salient Government of Maharashtra (25) and
Gujarat (25) to implement the project
• Setting up of Empowered Committee of
Features Secretary, DEA; Chairman, Railway Board
;and Secretary, DIPP to deal with issues
pertaining to project implementation
structure

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 Mumbai-Ahmedabad High Speed Rail Project

Salient • 508 km long Standard gauge with 12 Stations

Features • Bandra-Kurla complex to be terminal in
Mumbai

of JICA • 65% on Embankment, 25% on Viaduct ,5.7 %

on Tunnel, 2.6% bridge (Now fully elevated )
• Ballast less track
Report • EMU Aluminium alloy body rail cars
• Cab Signalling
(July • Project Cost is Rs 97,636 crore
• Construction time -7 years

2015)
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 MAHSR

Dadra &
Nagar Haveli
508.09 Km – 4.30 Km

Gujarat – Maharashtra
349.03 Km – 154.76 Km
(8 Districts) (3 Districts)

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 Land Acquisition

411.91 Ha –
1915 plots :
1022.37 –
1434.28 Ha – Forests, Maharashtra Gujarat – 196
6963 plots :
8878 plots Railways, – 94 villages villages
Private
State
Government

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 Mumbai-Ahmedabad High Speed Rail Project

Salient • Design Speeds 350 kmph, Travel Time 2.07 hr

Features for fast service
• Initially 10 car sets with seating of 750-820

of JICA seats subsequently 16 car trains (1200 seats)

• 35,800 passengers per day , 70 trains per day
( Both ways), in 2023
Report • 186,000 passengers per day , 210 trains per
day ( Both ways) in 2053
(July • Average Fare 1.5 times First AC
• 4% IRR and 11.8% EIRR
2015)
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 Station Location between Mumbai and
Ahmedabad
12 stations between Mumbai and Sabarmati.
GUJARAT
Surat
Sabarmati
GUJARAT

Bilimora Ahmedabad

Daman & Diu Anand/Nadiad

Dadra Vadodara
Vapi

Nagar Haveli
Boisar
Bharuch

MAHARASHTRA
Virar
Thane

Surat
Mumbai
: HSR LINE : HSR LINE

0 50km : Station 0 50km : Station

07-03-2019 Source : Study 39

Team
 Alternative Alignment Plans for Entry to
Mumbai
Three alternative plans were considered in Mumbai area
Tungareshwar WLS

Sanjay Gandhi NP

Connecting to Existing Line

(Thane HSR Station)
Sanjay Gandhi NP

Jogeshwari Existing Station

Lokmanya Existing Station

Mangrove trees, etc.
Bandra Kurla Complex
Bandra Existing Station Bandra Existing Station

Belapur CBD Existing Station

Thane Creek
Legend
Churchgate Existing Station PLAN A
PLAN B
0 15km PLAN C

Source : Study Team

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 Mumbai-Ahmedabad High Speed Rail Project- Estimated Cost
Item Breakdown Amount INR
Civil Engineering cost 23,429
Construction Track construction cost 5708
procurement Station construction cost 4862
cost Power supply and S&T 7357
Construction building 87
Depot/workshop & maintenance depot 2258
Rolling stock 5255
Machine in training center 201
Inspection & maintenance car 462
Training cost 256
(1)Construction procurement 49878
(2)Consulting service cost 2970
(3)Land acquisition cost 9863
(4)Management cost (1)+(2)X9.13% 4825
(5)Contingency (1)+(2)+(3)+(4)X5% 3376
Project cost (1)+(2)+(3)+(4)+(5) Excluded CD 70,915
Total Investment costs
Customs duty 3782
Capital cost 70915
Price Escalation During Construction 12580
Interest During Construction (IDC) 10359
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Total investment costs 97,636
Tariff

Alternative 1 : HSR fare = Average of Rail(2AC) and Rail (3AC)

Alternative 2 : HSR fare = Rail (1AC)
Alternative 3 : HSR fare = 1.5 x Rail (1AC) – Recommended
Alternative 4 : HSR fare = 2.0 x Rail (1AC)
1A: Train Fare of 1st Class Air Conditioned Coaches in IR
2A: Train Fare of 2nd Class Air Conditioned Coaches in IR
3A: Train Fare of 3rd Class Air Conditioned Coaches in IR

*The highest revenue can be achieved in the Alternative 3.

Highest revenue

HSR Boarding Passenger in 2023 HSR Fare-box Revenue by fare level in 2023
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 Traveling Time
Rapid train will take around 2 hours from Mumbai to Ahmedabad.
Station Distance Traveling Time
(km) Typical Rapid Train Each Stop Train
Mumbai 0.0 0:00 0:00
Thane 28.0 － 0:10
Virar 65.2 － 0:24
Boisar 104.3 － 0:39
Vapi 167.9 － 0:59
Bilimora 216.6 － 1:15
Surat 264.6 0:58 1:32
Bharuch 323.1 － 1:52
Vadodara 397.1 1:32 2:14
Anand/Nadad 447.4 － 2:32
Ahmedabad 500.2 1:59 2:50
Sabarmati 505.8 2:07 2:58
Stopping time Surat, Vadodara and Ahmedabad: 2 minutes Other stations : 1 minute
※ Stop patterns will depend on demand forecast.
※ Additional stops at stations requires approximately 7 minutes more per station.
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The HSR will have 105 trains per day in 2053 due to high demand.

Train configuration : 10 cars Train configuration : 16 cars

35 trains will be operated per day in 2023. 105 trains will be operated per day in 2053.

Number of trains (Frequency) Number of trains (Frequency)

Peak hour : about 3 trains per hour Peak hour : about 8 trains per hour
Off peak : about 2 trains per hour Off peak : about 6 trains per hour
Rapid train
※Peak hour : about 15 trains per hour in Japan Each stop train
07-03-2019 Source : Study 44
Team
Memorandum of Cooperation:12th December 2015
Close consultations
on implementation
details including
•Japanese Yen
loan
•HRD Plan for
O&M and
Management
•Establish HSR
Training Institute
(by 2020 )
MAHSR •Training of MOR
Financial
project will officials in HSR
and Operations Make in
be
technical (2021-2023) India-Rolling JMC set up to
developed •Training of
assistance Stock , accelerate
with Young Recruited
by relevant Officers of MOR Equipment consultations
Japanese (Beginning 2017)
Japanese &machinery
(Shinkansen) •Transfer of
institutions Technology of
technologies construction and
manufacturing
including rolling
stock

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 Sourse : https://www.nhsrcl.in/annual_report_files/Eng_2nd_Annual_Report_2017-18_NHSRCL.pdf

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 Human Resource

56 Bullet Train Drivers

50 Station Masters
Track Maintainers
Signal Maintainers

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 Schedule

General Consultant to Start Functioning : December 2016

Ground Breaking : September 2017

Under Sea Tunnel Construction : Mid 2018

Other Civil Construction: 2019

Operation: 2022

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 Procurement Conditions
Consulting services – Prime Contractor will be Japanese
company or Japanese-led JV with Indian company

Main contract – Prime Contractor can be Japanese company,

Indian company or JV of Japanese/Indian companies

For specified contract packages – Prime Contractor will be

Japanese company or Japanese-led JV

Goods to be sourced from Japan-selected items

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 Enhancing Transfer of Technology

TOT to take place in construction and

manufacturing of HSR systems including
rolling stock
Make in India including manufacture of rolling
stock, equipment and machinery to be
promoted in phased manner

Task Force with DIPP, MOR, JETRO, NITI Aayog

and Industry Chamber

•Website
Encourage interaction of Indian and Japanese •Data base of companies and capabilities
companies •Focussed industry interactions in India and Tokyo
•Involve Technology University

Bidding documents should have specific

conditions on components and agency for
Transfer of Technology
For Rolling Stock a separate manufacturing
entity under existing production units can be
conceptualised to absorb TOT

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Station Location at Bandra Kurla Complex – Land Required
 Bandra Kurla Complex

BKC Area: 27.7ha

HSR (Ground Area): 0.9ha
HSR Under (Ground Area): 4.5ha

Legend
BKC Area
HSR (Ground Area)
0 500m HSR (Under Ground Area)

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 26m
Station Section of Mumbai

61m
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Shinjuku South Gate Project
 Transportation hub (Bus terminals, taxi pools, parking, station facilities and a
station building) was constructed integrally above the active railway tracks.

• Offices : 5-32F (77,200m2)

• Retail Facilities : 1-4F (9,400m2)
• Cultural Facilities (3,600m2)
• Transportation Hub Upper 5-7F
• Parking facility (B1F-B2F) 280 Vehicles

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Shinjuku South Gate Project
- Transportation Hub + Office & Shopping Building

4th Floor Highway Bus

3rd Floor Taxi pool

2nd Floor Station & Open Space

Upper Floors :
Offices
1st Floor Railway Platforms
Culture
Shinjyuku Transportation Center
Hub
(Above the Railway Tracks)
Lower Floors:
Commercial
JR Lines Basement: Parking

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 Issues

Route Fixation – Origin, Destination and Intermediate stations

Technology Partners & Standards

Location Of Stations

Elevated versus Grade Level versus Underground

Gauge and Interoperability

Pricing, Revenues and Funding

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 Thank You

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