1.Believing in yourself.

2.After the president speaks .

3.The teacher always comes prepared.
4.Before the examination.
5.Why Mona Lisa is smiling.
6.The Alps are breathtaking.
 Contain of one independent clause
 Must contain a subject
 Needs a main verb
 It must formulate a complete thought
Examples:
Andrew plays classical guitar.
Andrew plays classical guitar for elderly people.
Andrew plays classical guitar for elderly people at retirement home every weekend.
Simple sentence can have compound subjects:
 Andrew and his sister teach music lesson to children

Simple sentences can have more than one verb:

 Andrew plays guitar for the elderly at a retirement
home and teaches music lessons for children.

Simple sentences do not always contain “simple” ideas:

 The economic collapse of 2008 brought several countries
to the brink of complete financial and social ruin.
 Two or more independent clauses
 Connected with some form of punctuation (comma or
semicolon) and/or linking word (conjunction or adverb)
There are 3 different ways to form compound sentences:
1. Two independent clauses joined by a comma and a coordinating
conjunction (FANBOYS = for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
,for
,and
,nor
Independent Clause ,but Independent Clause
,or
,yet
, so
 Examples:
1. It has been a very long day, so I’m going to bed.
2. Andrew plays guitar for the elderly on weekends, and his
sister teaches piano lessons for children.
3. Moving to a new city can be a stressful experience, but it
can also be very exciting.

2. Two independent clauses joined by a semicolon (;)

Examples:
1. I did most of the work on the presentation; I deserve a
higher mark than my partner.
2. Last year’s flood was very costly; the city spent millions
to repair the damaged streets and homes.
3. Two independent clauses joined by: :
 A semicolon
 A conjunctive adverb
; as a result,
; besides,
; consequently,
; furthermore,
; however,
; in addition,
Independent Clause ; in fact,
Independent Clause
; for example,
; for instance,
; meanwhile,
; moreover,
; nevertheless,
; next,
; now,
; on the other hand,
; otherwise,
; similarly,
; still,
; then,
; therefore,
 Examples:
- Jamie is happy with her IELTS score overall; however, she was hoping
to get better results on her writing.
- Andrew volunteers at the local retirement home; similarly, his sister
teaches free music lessons to underprivileged children.

Conclusions:
 Andrew wants to give back to society in some way, so
he volunteers at a retirement home on weekends.
 Andrew wants to give back to society in some way; he
volunteers at a retirement home on weekends.
 Andrew wants to give back to society in some way;
therefore, he volunteers at a retirement home on
weekends.
IC stands for independent clause

CC means coordinating conjunction (examples: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)

AC stands for adverbial conjunction (examples: however, nevertheless,

consequently, thus, therefore, and moreover)
1. She did not bother to bring an umbrella with her.
She ended up getting soaked

2. Smoking has been proven to cause cancer and heart diseases.

Many people refuse to quit.

3. The economic crisis had devastating consequences.

Many families lost their homes.

4. The new Tarantino movie has been called a masterpiece.

It has been criticized by some for excessive violence.

5. Fast food chains are trying to appeal to a broader market.

They are offering “healthier” options.
•1 independent + 1 (or more) dependent clause
Common subordinating conjunctions that begin a dependent clause:
- Although -- as -- after -- since -- before
- Because -- if -- though -- until -- unless
- Whereas -- when -- whether -- while

Example:
 The student did poorly on the exam because he misunderstood the
essay questions.
Option A
Independent Clause Dependent Clause
Option B
Dependent Clause, Independent Clause

Examples:
Option A
He is afraid of small spaces because he had a traumatic experience
as a child.

Option B
Because he had a traumatic experience as a child, he is afraid of
small spaces.
Examples:
Option A
Some young people have difficulty handling new responsibility when
they first move out of their parent’s home.

Option B
When they first move out of their parent’s home, some young people
have difficulty handling new responsibility.
Has more than one main clause and at least one subordinate clause.

Examples:
When our school celebrates Earth Day, we sign up
for environmental projects, and we try to complete
them all in one day.