Tourism concepts

Introduction to
tourism
Dr. Nimit Chowdhary
Professor
Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel
Management
The tourism society…

Tourism
Concepts
Tourism is deemed to include any
activity concerned with temporary short
term movement of people to
destinations outside the places where
they normally live and work, and their
activities during the stay at these
Indian
destinations. Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 2

Visitor demand
International Who are residents of countries other
than that being visited and travel for Tourism

visitors tourism purposes. Inbound tourism

Concepts

International Who are residents of a country

visiting other countries and travel for
visitors tourism purposes. Outbound tourism

Residents Visiting destinations within their own

country’s boundaries who travel for Indian
Institute of
tourism purposes. Domestic tourism Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 3

Visitor- the Consumer

Tourism
Concepts

Visitor

Tourist Excursionists

Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 4

Tourist
A visitor staying more than 24 hours in a
country and making an overnight stay Tourism
Concepts

for any of the following reasons:

 Business  Health  Recreation

 Congress  Holiday  Religion
 Convention  Leisure  Sport
 Family  Meeting  Study Indian
Institute of
 Friends  Mission  Vacation Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 5

Excursionists
Are classed as temporary visitors staying
Tourism
less than 24 hours, including cruise Concepts

travelers but excluding travelers in transit.

Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 6

Tourism!
 Experimental
Tourism
Concepts
 Ephemeral
 Experiential
 Edutainment

Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 7

Tourism- a process
 A combination of tangible and intangible
Tourism
tourism products Concepts

 Scope of these products

 Attraction
 Access
 Amenities
 Organized as a seamless supply chain
Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 8

Tourism- a supply chain
 Providers need to be effective with
Tourism
tourism products along tourism supply Concepts

chain
 Efficient with products
 Creativity in combining products and delivery
 Technology leverage
 Supply Chain
Indian
 Suppliers Institute of
Tourism and
 Tourism Products Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 9

Tourism- a supply chain
 Tourism Suppliers
Tourism
is a business such as attraction, hotel or other Concepts

type of accommodation, restaurant,

transportation company, tour wholesaler, travel
agency etc.
 Tourism Products
 Tangibles- furnishings in a hotel, food served
in a restaurant, etc,
 Intangibles- atmosphere at a resort, service Indian
Institute of
provided by an airlines Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 10

Working definition of travel
and tourism

Tourism comprises the activities of Tourism

Concepts

traveling to and staying in places outside

their usual environment for not more than
one consecutive year for leisure, business
and other purposes.

WTO, 1992- subsequently ratified by the UN

Statistical Commission Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 11

Understanding this definition
1. Visitor activity is concerned only with
Tourism
aspects of life outside normal routines Concepts

of work and social commitments, and

outside the location of those routines.
2. The activity necessitates travel and, in
nearly every case, some form of
transport to the destination.
Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 12

Understanding this definition
3. Specific destinations are the focus for a
Tourism
range of activities and a range of Concepts

facilities required to support those

activities.
4. Such activities and facilities have a
combination of economic, social and
physical environmental effects that are
the basis for tourism policy and visitor Indian
Institute of

management programmes. Tourism and

Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 13

5 characteristics of this
definition
1. There is nothing that restricts the total
Tourism
market to overnight stays; it includes Concepts

same day visits.

2. There is nothing in it that restricts the
total market to travel for leisure or
pleasure. It includes travel for business,
social, religious, educational, sports,
and most other purposes. Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 14

5 characteristics of this
definition
3. All tourism includes an element of
Tourism
travel but all travel is not tourism. The Concepts

definition excludes all routine commuter

travel and purely local travel such as to
neighbourhood shops, schools or
hospitals, etc.

Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 15

5 characteristics of this
definition
4. Travel and tourism absorbs large
Tourism
elements of individual leisure time and Concepts

encompasses many recreational

activities, but it is not synonymous with
either because bulk of all leisure and
recreation takes place in or around
home.
Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 16

5 characteristics of this
definition
5. All travel and tourism trips are
Tourism
temporary movements; the bulk of the Concepts

total market comprises trips of no more

than a few hours’ or nights’ duration.

Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 17

 How tourism industry works
Regulatory framework Tourism
Concepts

DEMAND SUPPLY
Influences Domestic and Tourist Tourism
TRAVEL
on demand international destinations impacts
tourists and facilities

Tourism intermediaries
Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 18

Systematic
link
between
demand
and supply
Tourism
Concepts

Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 19

International tourism industry
structure

Tourism
Concepts

Indian
Institute of
Tourism and
Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 20

Understanding tourism
industry
 Demand generators  Other players
Tourism
 Suppliers  International agencies Concepts

 Attraction  Public sector

 Amenities  Trade associations
 Accommodation  Multinational
corporations
 Access (transport)
 Activity (Events)
 Intermediaries Scope of
this course
 Tour operators Indian
I-101 Institute of
Tourism and
 Travel agents Travel
Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 21

Accommodation sector Attraction sector
Hotels/ motels Theme parks
Guest houses/ B & B Museums and galleries
Farm houses National parks
Apartments/ flats/ villas/ cottages Wildlife parks
Condominiums/ time share resorts Gardens
Vacation villages/ holiday centres Heritage sites and centres
Conference/ exhibition centres Sports/ activity centres
Static and touring caravans/ camping sites Themed retail/ leisure/ entertainment centres Tourism
Marinas Festivals and events Concepts

Transport sector
Airlines Main sectors of
Shipping lines/ ferries
Railways
the travel and
Bus/ coach operators tourism industry
Car rental operators
Travel organizer's sector Destination organization sector
Tour operators National tourist offices (NTOs)
Tour wholesalers/ brokers Destination marketing organizations (DMOs)
Retail travel agents Regional/ state tourist offices Indian
Conference organizers Local tourist offices Institute of
Booking agencies (e.g. accommodation) Tourist associations Tourism and
Travel
Incentive travel organizers Management

March 11, 2019 (C) Prof. Nimit Chowdhary @IITTM 22