Anatomy of the Image-forming Eye

3- Innermost
2- Middle
retina that has
1- Outer fibrous nutritive
the
tunic with a (vascular)
photoreceptive
modified clear tunic.
cells.
region called the
cornea to bend
light to focus on
the retina.
FIBROUS TUNIC
This tunic supports the eye. The white portion is called the sclera. The clear
portion the cornea. In many vertebrates including fish (e.g. placoderms),
reptiles, and birds there are rings or cartilage or bone going around the eye at
the level of the lens. In birds they maintain the shape of eyes that are not
round, since the vitreous humor is higher pressure than the aqueous humor
and bulging out would occur otherwise.
VASCULAR TUNIC or CHOROID
This layer is richly supplied with blood vessels and contains some pigment. It
nourishes the retina. The pupil of the eye is formed by this tissue and the retina.
There are smoth muscles that control the iris. Usually it is round, but animals that
are active in both night and day like gekkos and cats have slits

The ciliary body includes smooth muscles that attach to the

lens and regulate its shape. The process also secretes the
lymph-like fluid, the aquous humor, into the posterior chamber
between the iris and lens and it then flows into the eye’s
anterior chamber. It drains out the venous sinus of the sclera.
This fluid nourishes and maintains the proper shape of the
anterior eye.
The RETINA has the photoreceptive rods and cones. And a blind spot where their
info is passed out of the eye using the optic nerve (CN II). The rods are insensitive
to colors the cones very sensitive to them. The macula is located roughly in the
center of the retina, temporal to the optic nerve. It is a small and highly sensitive
part of the retina responsible for detailed central vision. The fovea is the very center
of the macula, where rods are densely packed and vision is most acute. It is in a pit
that may help to further enhance acuity (resolution).
Slide 164B (=
H10.64) – Eye
Monkey Cornea

Corneal
epithelium
 Bowman’s
Membrane
(collagen
fibrils)
Corneal
Corneal Stroma epithelium
(= Substantia (stratified
Propia) squamous
Lamellae of non-ker.)
collagen fibers,
& fibroblasts in
between.
 Descemet’s
membrane
(basal lamina of
endothelial cell
layer). Corneal
Meshwork of Stroma
fibers and pores

Corneal
endothelium
(single layer of
squamous cells)
 Conjuntival
epithelium Conjuntiva
Loose vascular
CT

Corneal
Ciliary epithelium
Body Sclera

Iris Cornea

Iris
Lens
 Sclera Conjuntiva

Ciliary
muscle

Ciliary
processes

Zonular
fibers
Cornea
Iris
 Iridial
pigmented
epithelium
Epithelial
cells (lens
fibers) IRIS

Stroma
LENS
CT

Simple
cuboidal Constrictor
cells muscle
(elongated
on lateral
margin) Lens Capsule
(basal lamina)
 Choroid

Retina

INSIDE

Sclera

OUTSIDE
 Int. Limiting
Membrane

GanC NerveFb

PgEp INL
IPL
OPL
ONL

Rods
CHOROID &
Cones
Slide 166A (= 93 W 3783)
Optic Nerve head
Nerve
fibers
Slide 169 Lacrymal gland
(tubuloacini)

Lacrymal duct
Slide 171A – Inner
Ear: COCHLEA
Scala Vestibuli (SV)

SV SV Scala Tympani (ST)

Organ of
ST Corti
ST

SV
ST

SV
Spiral
Vestibulocochlear
ganglion
nerve (CN VIII)
ST
Organ of Corti

Spiral
Scala
Ligament
Vestibuli
Bone

Stria Vestibular
Vascularis membrane
Scala
media

Scala
Tympani CN VIII
 Organ of Corti

Tectorial
Membrane

Inner Hair Outer Hair

Cell Cells

CN VIII

Outer
Phalangeal
Cells
 Slide 172A – Inner
Ear: SEMICIRCULAR
CANALS w/ CRISTA
AMPULARIS
Cochlea

Semicircular canal

Crista Ampullaris
Endolymph space

cupula

Crista Ampullaris
Crista Ampullaris

cupula

Sustentacular
CT
Cells

Hair cells
EP
w/cilia