SEEMA GUL

M.A EPM
Educational Research and Statistics 1
Course code: 6569
Presentation Topic: Types Of
Research
 PRESENTATION CONTENTS

What is research?
To explain the concept of Educational Research.
To describe the scope of Educational Research.
To Identify types of research by purpose.
To identify types of research by method.
 WHAT IS RESEARCH?
• Research is made of two words re and search
• “Re” means again and again, “Search” means to find
• It is search for knowledge.
• It is a journey from unknown to known.
• It is a systematic effort to gain new knowledge in any kind of discipline.
• When it Seeks a solution of any educational problem it leads to educational
research.
 EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

• Educational Research is the systematic application

of scientific method for solving educational problem.

• Educational Research is the activity for developing

science of behavior in educational situations.

• It allows the educator to achieve his goals

effectively.
 EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
CHARACTERIZES AS FOLLOWS
• It is highly purposeful.
• It deals with educational problems regarding students and teachers
as well.
• It is precise, objective, scientific and systematic process of
investigation.
• It attempts to organize data quantitatively and qualitatively to arrive
at statistical inferences.
• It discovers new facts in new perspective. i. e. It generates new
knowledge.
 SCOPE OF EDUCATIONAL
RESEARCH
• It discovers facts and relationship in order to make educational
process more effective.

• It relates social sciences like education.

• It includes process like investigation, planning (design) collecting data,

processing of data, their analysis, interpretation and drawing
inferences.

• It covers areas from formal education and conformal education as

 STEPS OF EDUCATIONAL
RESEARCH
• Selection of a problem.

• Use of specific research procedures to design and collect

data.

• Analysis of data.

• Statements of conclusion.

• Base on the result of the data analysis.

 TYPES OF RESEARCH BY PURPOSE

FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH.

APPLIED RESEARCH.

ACTION RESEARCH.
 FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH

• Also called basic research or favour research.

• Experimental or theoritical work under taken primirly to
equire new knowledge.
• It has no immediate or plane application may later result
and further research of an applied nature.
• Take place in a sterile envoirnment.
• With out any pre assumption of any utility.
 APPLIED RESEARCH
• Research which is use to answer a specific question.
• To determine why some thing failed or succeeded to solve
specific problem.
• It also known as practical research.
• It is for the sack of technoligical advancement.
• The goal of applied research is to improve the human condition.

Example:
Studying the factors that will inhance partification for college students in the
co-corricular activities.
 ACTION RESEARCH

• Is an approach by one or two individual or group of the purpose of solving a

problem or obtaining information to inform local practice.
Example:
 Improving the teaching of mathematics.
 A study of the effectiveness of training teenage parents to care for their
infants.
 Performance of children in a particular subjet with or with out privaye tution.
 TYPES OF RESEARCH BY METHOD

 Discriptive Research .
 Historical Research.
 Experimintal Research.
 DISCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

• It is a fact finding investigation which is aimed at

describing the characteristics of individual situation
or grouped describing the state of affairs as it exists
in presence.

• Report what has happen or what is happening.

 ADVANTAGES OF DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH

Effective to analyse non-quantified topics and issues.

The possibility to observe the phenomenon in a completely

natural and unchanged natural environment.

The opportunity to integrate the qualitative and quantitative

methods of data collection.

Less time-consuming than quantitative experiments.

 DISADVANTAGES OF DESCRIPTIVE
RESEARCH

Descriptive studies cannot test or verify the research

problem statistically.
Research results may reflect certain level of bias due to the
absence of statistical tests.
The majority of descriptive studies are not ‘repeatable’ due
to their observational nature.
Descriptive studies are not helpful in identifying cause
behind described phenomenon.
 HISTORICAL RESEARCH

• Systematic collection of data describe explain and

there by understand action or events that occures
some time in the past.
Example:
• Essay written by elementry school children during the civil
war.
• High school graduation diplomas from the 1920s.
 EXPERIMINTAL RESEARCH

• The experimental method in educational research is the

application and adaptation of the classical method of
experimentation. It is a scientifically sophisticated method. It
provides a method of investigation to derive basic
relationships among phenomena under controlled
condition or, more simply, to identify the conditions
underlying the occurrence of a given phenomenon.
Experimental research is the description and analysis of
what will be, or what will occur, under carefully controlled
conditions.
 EXPERIMINTAL RESEARCH
CONT....

• Experimental research provides a method of

hypothesis testing. Hypothesis is the heart of
experimental research. After the experimenter
defines a problem he has to propose a tentative
answer to the problem or hypothesis. Further, he has
to test the hypothesis and confirm or disconfirm it.